Seasonal
Occurrence of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Clarias
gariepinus in Meiktila Lake
Abstract
Six species of helminth endoparasites
from Calarias gariepinus in Meiktila
Lake were observed and of these parasites, 2 species from trematodes and 4 species
from cestodes were identified artificial key down to specific level. Descriptive
accounts of each recorded species were given and discussed with diagrammatic
features. Measurements of each part of specific character were recorded. Incidence
of infection of the helminth parasites in the hosts collected monthly were
tabulated and compared with previous workers. A check list of helminth
parasites recorded in Clarias sp.
from different locatlities was complied in the form of a table. Climatlogical and
ecological data concerning Meiktila Lake were composed. Water quality of
Meiktila Lake before and after inundation compared with W.H.O standard was
shown. Suggestions for future work were outlined.
Comparative study
on the Hyoid Apparatus of some Local Anurans from Meiktila Area
Abstract
A total of 10 anuran species was used in
this research work. Seven to 10 specimens for each of Rhaccophorus leucomustax Boulenger, 1912, Ooeidozygo lima (Khut and Hasselt, 1882), Hylorana erythraea Schlegel, 1837, Rana limnocharis Boulenger, 1912, Rana tigrina Boulenger, 1912, Rana
breviceps Schneider, 1799, Kaloula
pulchra Gray 1813, Glyphoglossus molossus Guenther, 1868, Microhyla ornata Dumeril and Bibron,
1841, and Bufo melanostictus
Schneider, 1799 were studied. Each of the hyoid apparatus in different species
studied are given along with mean parametric values and recorded.
Comparative study
on Antennae Labial Palpi, Wing Venations and Legs of some butterfly species
from Meiktila Environs
Abstract
Comparative study of antennae, labial
palpi, wing venations and legs of 17 species which fall under family
Nymphalidae were described with illustrations. The study period lasted from
June, 2006 to March, 2007. Differences observed between the respective
antennae, labial palpi, legs and wing venations were described and discussed. Eleven
genera and 17 species which belong to family Nymphalidae were recorded
comparison on the different structures and measurements of antennae, labial
palpi, wing venations and legs of above mentioned 17 species from Meiktila
environs were included.
A study of some
Insect Pests on some Medicinal Plants in Meiktila Environs
Abstract
The study on the larvae stages of insects
on some medicinal plants commenced from October, 2006 to March, 2007 was
conducted on Meiktila environments. Altogether fifteen species of insect pests
(five species for adult and ten species for larvae), which are predominant on
twelve different medicinal plants were collected and described accompanied by
photographic presentation. These insects are distributed among four orders,
four super families, nine families and twelve subfamilies confined to fifteen
genera respectively. Diagnostic characters of pests were also given with a
brief account on distribution, hosts, pest status and damage caused by them. Some
medicinal uses of the host plants were tabulated. In appendix, general
morphology of larvae and respective adults were presented. Suggestions for
future work were also outlined.
Taxonomic study
of some Moths Species from Meiktila Environs
Abstract
A total of 20 species of moths,
including 2 subspecies belonging to 18 genera, eight subfamilies and seven
families. The families namely. Saturniidae, Uraniidae, Arctiidae, Sphingidae,
Lasiocampidae, Cossidae, Noctuidae of the order Lepiodoptra were being observed
and recorded. The collection was made around Meiktila environments. The study
period lasted from July 2006 to January 2007. The artificial keys and drawing
of wing venation were presented for all of the recorded species. The coloration
and marking of all species were mentioned together with photographic records. Suggestions
for future work were outlined.
Identification
and Distribution of some Earthworm Species in Mondaing Dam Area, Meiktila
Township
Abstract
Distribution of the earthworm species in
relation to three habitats and identification of some common earthworm species
in Mondaing dam area located in Meiktila Township were studied during the
period from June 2007 to January 2008. Three habitats: grassland, water edge, and
human habitation area were chosen as the study sites. A total of five earthworm
species were recorded in the study areas. Among them Eutyphoeus bifovs, and E.
excavates (Family-Octochaetidae) were from grassland area. Pheretima alexandri and P. anomala (Family-Megascolecidae) were
collected from water edge study area. Pheretima
peguana was recorded from human habitation.
Out of the total earthworm collected number of the water edge was the
highest (66.12%) second followed by (17.91%) from the human habitation and
third was grassland area (15.98%). Mature earthworms were also most commonly
recorded in all study areas.
Study on
Antennae, Labial Palps and Legs of some Moths from Meiktila Environs
Abstract
Study on antennae, labial palps and legs
of nine species of months including one subspecies, distributed among three families, and eight genera was
concluded during the period commencing from July 2008 to February 2000. Morphology
of the studied species was presented with shown by photographic plates. Structural
differences in patterns of antennae, labial palps and legs were described along
with figures. The length of the respective components in the appendages
studied, were measured recorded, tabulated and appended.
Comparative study
on the Relationship between Heart Weight and Body Weight in some Species of
Water Birds
Abstract
A total of 50 avian specimens
representing 10 species water bird falling under five orders, six families, and
belonging to 10 genera were used in this work. Five each of Halcyon pileata Hardaw (1815), Amaurornis phoenicurus Lath (1801), Fulica atra Linnaeus, Gallinago gallinago Linnaeus (1758), Tringaochropua linnaeus,
Charadrius veredus, Phalacrorax niger Vieillot, Ardeola
bachus Linnaeus (1768), Nycticorax
nycticorax Linnaeus (1788), and Egretta garzetta Linnaeus (1766),
were included in this study. Atrial and ventricular measurements of every heart
were recorded, and an attempt has been made to correlate the nature of the
heart with the way of flying abilities in each bird.
Study on some
Soil – Transmitted Helminths of Meiktila Environs
Abstract
The study was carried out on three kinds
of vegetable from the Meiktila environs. This study was conducted, from July
2009 to February 2010. Collection was done on weekly basis. Samples of Coriandrum sativum (Nannan), Mentha arvensis market and Myothit
market in Meiktila and analyzed of helminthes eggs/larvae using standard
methodology. Incidence of larvae of Strongyloides
stercoralis, eggs of Acaris
lumbricoides, Taenia sp., Trichuris trichiura, and Enterobius vermicularis were recorded.
Among the collected species, the prevalence of S.
stercoralis was the most frequent
(44.51%) followed by A. lumbricoides (23.73%),
Taenia
sp. (14.80%), T. trichiura (10.83%),
and E. vermiclaris (6.13%). Helminths
egg\larvae on the roots of Coriandrum
sativum were ranged from 0 to 46, on Mentha
arvensis from 0 to 18, and on Eryngium
foetidum from 0 to 27 per 100g wet weight respectively. Total counts on
helminthes egg/larvae on the vegetables from Myothit market were more abundant
(60.29%) when compared with that of Paukechaung market (39.71%). In the case of
the incidence rate of helminthes, August was found to be higher than in the
rest of the months. Base on the results of this study, the importance of the
transmission of intestinal parasites from vegetables is stressed, and necessity
to improve the sanitary conditions of these kinds food is also suggested.
The incidence of
some Wingless Parasitic Arthropods on Domestic Mammals of Yamethin Township,
Mandalay Region
Abstract
In this study, prevalence of ecto-parasities
and their densities were determined. A total of 5049 wingless ecto-parasites
were collected from four species of domestic animals such as dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), cats (Felis catus), native cattle (Bos primigenius indicus) and goats (Copra aegagrus hircus) in yamethin township
Mandalay region. This study was under taken from July 2010 to February 2011 on
monthly basis. Ticks of Amblyomma
americanum, Boophilus annulatus, Dermacentor variabilis, Haemaphysalis punctata, Hyalomma dromedorii,
Ixodes scapularis, fleas of Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides felis, and lice of
Linognathus vituli were recorded during study period.
The results indicated that Dermacentor
varibilis, followed by Ctenocephalides
canis, Ixodes scapularis,
Boophilus annulatus, Hylomma dromedorii,
Linognathus vituli, Haemaphysalis punctata, Ctenocephalides felis, and Amblyomma americanum. Among tick infestations, Dermacentor variabilis represented the
highest prevalence (35.63%), while Amblyomma
americanum the lowest (7.69%). Lice were recorded on goats only. Both ticks
and fleas were common to all the dogs examined, however Ctenocephalides felis was found only on cats. The fleas seemed to
be less of a problem than ticks, flea larvae were not encountered on domestic
dogs in the present study.
Species
diversity and abundance of fish fauna in Min Hla Lake, Thazi Township, Meiktila
District, Mandalay Region and with emphasis on Myxosporean parasitic infection
Abstract
Diversity and myxosporea parasites in
fishes from Min Hla Lake, Thazi Township, Meiktila District, were studied
during from June 2013 to January 2014. A total of 22 species distributed among
17 genera 12 families and 5 orders of fishes were involved in the study. The 22
fish species recorded were; Notopterus
notopterus, Labeo rohita, Osteobrama blengeri, Puntius chola, P. sarana, P.
sophore, Salmostoma sladoni, Amplypharymgodon atkinsonii, Lepidocephalus
thermalis, Mystus pulcher, Clarias batrachus, Notopterus albus, Macrognathus aral,
Mastacembelus armatus, Pseudambasis ranga, Otholithoides biauritus O.
reochromis mossambicus, O. niloticus, Glossogobius giuris, Channa marulius, C. Punctatus
and C. striatus. During the study period, fish species were least abundant
in June and August. The result of the evaluation on diversity indices, July,
September and January revealed high in diversity. Analysis on length weight
relationships ‘r’ ranged 0.99 from 0.27 Condition factor (K) of Oreochromis mossambicus, Oreochromis niloticus
and Pseudambassis ranga were
excellent, genus Puntius good in
condition and the remaining fishes regarded as were very poor in condition. Ten
species of fishes were infected by eight genera, twenty types of myxosporean
parasites and included twelve types of Myxobolus
sp., Auerbachia sp., Phlogospora sp., Thelohanellus sp., Sphaeromyxa
sp., Myxidium sp., Zschokkella sp., and two types of Henneguya sp., respectively.
Investigation on
the Gastrointestinal Helminths of some marketable Birds in Meiktila
Abstract
A study on the helminth species that
harbored in the gastrointestinal tracts of four marketable bird species were
conducted during July, 2013 to Febrauary, 2014. Species composition and
prevalence percentage among the birds with different habits in the study area
were recorded. During study period forty gastrointestinal tracts from four
species of birds namely, Gallus gallus,
Turnix suscitater, Streptopelia chinensis
and Gallinago gallinago were
examined. Of these, 95% of the birds were infected with one to seven species of
parasites, and only (5%) were free from helminthes. The parasites identified
included six species of cestodes; namely Raillietina
echinobothrida (50%), Cloacotaenia
megalops (20%) Cloacotaenia megalops
(20%), and four species of nematodes;
Subulura brumpti (25%), Gongylonema
ingluvicola (25%), Tetrameres americana
(1.25%) and Ascaridia galli (25%) and
a single species of acanthocephalans, Moniliformis
moniliformis (10%). Birds infected with nematodes was (78.46%), followed by
cestodes (21.36%), and acanthocephalans (0.18%) respectively. Helminths
prevalence was (60.18%) in of caecum, rectum and cloaca, however not a single
helminths was incidence in the proventriculus and gizzard, Not a single
trematode was encountered throughout the study period. Single infection with
cestodes was 32.5% and with acanthocephalans was 2.5%. Mixed infection with six
to seven species of parasites was found only in domestic fowl, however not a single
nematode infection was encountered in a single host during the study period. A
high percentage of helminthiasis was observed in the birds studied.
Checklist of
Frogs and Toads of Previous Studies
Available literatures associated with
the check list of anurans are presented to support the project dealing with the
anurans of previous workers.
Taxonomic Study
of Some Fishes in Meiktila Lake and its Environs
Abstract
A total number of 25 species of bony
fishes categorized under 20 Genera, 15 families and 6 orders were collected and
identified from Meiktila Lake and its environs. Here in are given taxonomic
descriptions, key and some described inland fishes of Meiktila Lake and its
environs.
Taxonomic study
on some butterflies of Meiktila University Campus and its Environs
Abstract
Altogether relevant references were
referred to, during the course of study. A brief note on collection techniques
and methods along with respective keys to order, families, genera and species
for butterflies are appended. Salient features of the respective categories are
also disclosed.
A study on Some
Coleopteran of Meiktila Environs
Abstract
A total number
of (17) species of Coleopteran insects belonging to 2 suborders, 5families, 10
subfamilies, 4 groups and 15 genera has been collected from Meiktila environs.
The recorded species are described and presented with coloured photographs. A
brief discussion has been made on the mode of habit and pest status of the
species under study. A map showing the location and the collection sites in
Meiktila environs id also appended. Suggesstion for future work also outlined.
Taxonomic study
of Some Anurans from Meiktila and its Environs
Abstract
A total number of anurans species
falling into 8 genera and 4 families have been reinvestigated from Meiktila and
its Environs. Wherever possible, artificial keys to families, genera and
species have been given along with full taxonomic descriptions, accompanied by
photographic presentations. General
discussion on the collected frogs and toad and their potential role in the
future country’s economy is made. Suggestions for future work are also
outlined.
Comparative
study on the dentition of some bat species
Abstract
A total of sixteen references are used
for this research work on selected topic. An introduction to the Order
Chiropteran, together with definition of measurements are described by relevant
illustrations. General description of Chiropteran dentition are fully described
and accompanied by relevant illustrations and tabulated form.
A taxonomic
study on some terrestrial birds of Mount Popa Wildlife Sanctuary
Abstract
Taxonomic description on 30 species
birds from 27 genera, 17 families, and 7 orders are given with photographic and
taxidermic presentations. All are from Popa Game Reserves 30 avian specimens
were collected in this work. Artificial key to the various taxa provided.
Difference in colouration between different sexes are discussed, and the
comparative account with birds from Mount Popa Willife Sanctuary area is
provided.
An investigation on some lizards of Meiktila
University Campus
Abstract
Detailed taxonomic description on nine
species of the lizards, distributed among six genera and five families from
Meiktila University Campus are given along with photographic presentations.
Where ever possible artificial keys to the families, genera and species are
provided. Numbers of collected specimen are made sex differentiation, and are
mentioned with tabulated from. Economic importances of these lizards are
described. Suggestions for future work are also outlined.
A survey on some Coleopteran insects of Popa
Environs
Abstract
A systematic description on twenty-six
species beetles from twenty four genera, twelve families, two sub-orders and
one order are given with photographic presentations. All bees are from Popa and
its environs, twenty-six specimens were collected in this work.
Dytiscus
verticalis (Say), Calosoma sycophanta (L.,), C. moderae (F,var.
auropunctatum.Herbest) and Oxylobus
montanus (Chaudoir,Bull.Mouse) Oryctes
Monoceros (Olivers), Xylotrupes
gideon (L.,), Catharsius molossus (L.<),
Anomala antiqqua (Gyll,Bum), A.cupripes (Hope), Hydrophilus triangularis (Say), Ctenicera
noxia (Hyslop),Odoiporus longicollis
(Olivers), Episomus guttatus (Boh.), Curculio accidents (Casey), Coptops asditicator (Fabricius), Leptostylus spp., Apriona germarii (Hope), Aspidomorpha
miliaris (F.), Priopters andrwesi
(WS). Donacia spp. Crioceris spp., Chrysochus auratus (Fabricius), Laguia
gandis (Armstrong), Capnochroa
fuliginosa (Melsheimer), Oxacis
trimaculata (Champion) and Cucujus
spp.
An introduction to the order-Coleoptera,
general description on the morphology, colouration, habitats and characters
used in classification are described with illustrations. A brief conclusion has
been made based on the differences between Adephaga and Polyphaga. A map
showing the location and the collection sites in Popa environs is also
appended.
A Systematic Identification of Some Snakes from
Meiktila Township
Abstract
Detail systematic description on
thirteen species of the snakes distributed among ten genera and three families
from Meiktila Township are given with photographic presentations. Diagnostic
chanters of families, genera and species are presented and artificial key to
the families, genera and species are also provided. Collected specimens are
made sex differentiation, and are mentioned with tabulated from. Body
measurements, types of fangs, scale counts and poisonous or non-poisonous
conditions are also summarized with tables. Suggestions for future work are
also outline.
The species compositions of Rodent (Muridae) in
Monasoon Rice Farm of Yezin Area, Pyinmana Township
Abstract
A total of 5 species of the genera under
the family Muridae among rodents were captured and recorded during the study
period from December 2005 to February 2006 at the Yezin Agricultural
University. Farm of the experimental area was about 20 hectares. The map of
collection site and photographs of the captured rats were given along with
taxonomic descriptions. General discussion on various species of species of
rodents as found in Myanmar is provided. Suggestion for future work of outlined.
The
Study of some Freshwater Shrimps and Prawns from some Markets of Meiktila
Abstract
Some freshwater shrimps and
prawns from some markets of Meiktila were conducted during the period of three
months, commencing from November 2010 to January. A total of six species of Macrobrachium belong to family
Palaemonidae, order Decapoda were collected and identified. Among them, only
three species, M. rosenbergii, M. lanchesteri were
identified into the specific species
level but the remaining three species were only identified into genus level.
Colouration and measurements of various parts of specimens were recorded. The
ratio of means in various parts of shrimps and prawns to their total lengths
were described also.
Comparisons of dentition of some fishes in
relation to their feeding habit
Abstract
Eleven species of bony fishes belonging
to nine families in six orders were selected to study various types of
dentition. The types of food and their feeding habits are also mentioned. The
types of teeth, food and their feeding habits are comparatively discussed. The
carnivorous fishes, Notopterus
notopterus, Wallogo attu, and Channa
striatus have highly developed jaw teeth. Whereas omnivorous fishes that
feed mainly on plant fiber like Catla
catla,Cirrhinus mrigala and Cyprinus
carpio have no teeth on jaw and buccal cavity but well developed pharyngeal teeth. The
descriptive accounts for dentition of studied species were given with scaled
photographs. Suggestions for future work were outlined.
Helminths
Burden of Backyard Chicken Gallus Gallus Domesticus (Lin ., 1758) in Meiktila Environs
Abstract
A total of 40 gastro-instetinal
tracts of backyard chicken from Meiktila environs were examined for helminth
parasites from December 2010 to February 2011. In this study, 32 (80%) of
chicken were found to harbor one to seven different species of parasites and
only 8 (20%) were free of parasites. Cestodes recovered were Raillietina echinobothrida (67.5%), R. cesticillus (17.5%), and R.tetragona (57.5%). The nematode
species encountered were Gongylonem
ingluvicola (32.5%), Dispharynx
nasuta (2.5%), Tetramerus Americana
(15%), Ascaridia galli (37.5%) Heterakjis gallinarum (62.5%) and Subulura brumpti (67.5%). Small intestine and caeca harboring
ooptimum concentration of food favour the highest prevalence of the parasites.
The present study highlights that large –scale studies may be required to
perform appropriate prevention and control methods with improved management
system of backyard chicken in Meiktila Environs.
Species
Composition of some Aquatic Fauna in the Western Lake Meiktila University
Campus
Abstract
Aquatic fauna were collected
in the Western Lake of Meiktila University Campus. The specimen collection was
thoroughly done twice a month in the lake commencing from September to December, 2010. A total of
18 species were recorded from this lake during the four months study period.
Four species of aquatic insects, one species of shrimps, eight species of bony
fishes, one species of aquatic snakes, and four species of aquatic birds
identified. The occurrence of individualsof species were categorized into five
classes. Aquatic insects include water –boatman, Hesperocorixa castanea, water –strider, Gerris remigis, water-scorpion, Nepa
cimera and water –stick insect, Ranatra
chinensis were constantly present (81.5%) in the lake. Notopterus notopterus, Clarias batrachus
and Monopterus albus were rare to record (12.5%) in fish but Oreochromis spp. Was constantly present
(100%). Water birds were also rare to observe (12.5%) during the study period.
Incidence
of some Mosquito Borne Diseases in Southern Meiktila
Abstract
The study on the correlation
between the incidence of mosquito –borne diseases and abiotic environment of
Meiktila Township during the study period of June 2010 to March 2011 was
recorded. Three species of vectors belonging to order – Diptera, suborder
Nematocera, family Culicidae, subfamily Culicinae were observed and of these, 2
species of tribe Cclicines were
identified with key down to specific level but the other one of
Anophilines was at generic level only. Descriptive account of each collected
species were given and discussed. Meterological and Hydrological data
concerning Meiktila Township were composed. Occurrence of mosquito –borne
diseases collected monthly were tabulated and compared with previous years.
Suggestion for future work were outlined.
Incidence
of some Mosquito Borne Diseases in Northern Part of Meiktila
Abstract
The study period lasted from November
2010 to February 2011. Three species of mosquitoes, belonging to three genera,
one subfamily and one family that cause some mosquito borne diseases, such as
malaria, dengue and filariasis were studied. The incidences of mosquito borne
diseases of Northern Part of Meiktila were also included. Among the three
mosquitos borne diseases malaria is not found in Meiktila, two cases of
filariasis were observed and recorded, and the incidence in the case of dengue
were also presented and discussed. The collection was made around the study
areas, namely Thirimingalar, Ashebyin, Kyidaw gon, Phitharyar (South), Phitharyar (North),
Yanmyoaung and Wunzin wards. The data of 2008 and 2009 were also collected and
compared here.
Comparative
study on the Opercula Bone of some Cyprinid and Channid Fishes in Meiktila
Markets
Abstract
The form and structure of
the opercular bones of some cyprinid and channid fishes have been studied and
described in a comparative form. The fish samples were gathered from various
markets of Meiktila environs, during the study period from October 2010 to March
2011. The systematic positions of the fish species were also recorded. A total of 11 species under eight genera, two
families and two orders were studied. Eight species of family Cyprinidae and
three species of family Channdae were measured. In general the preoperculum is
an elongated bone somewhat 'L' shaped or cresentic in shape. In Cirrhinus marigala,Cyprinus carpio and Labeo rohita (Cyprinidae) there is a row
of elongated pits on the outer surface. All together three
Channa spp (Channidae) the 'L' shaped
bone has a small membranous lamina at the inner angle and there are two
openings on the dorsal surface of the ventral arms. The inteoperculum of
cyprinid species are usually elongated paddle–shaped bone, narrow and pointed
at the anterior end, broad and blunt at the posterior end. In the genus Channa, it is roughly rectangular in
shape with a rounded posterior margin and a short middle process on the dorsal
margin. The present study was conducted for using in identification of fishes.
Occurrence
of some Migratory Water Birds in Myindaw Lake, Meiktila
Abstract
A total of 10 migratory
water bird species under four orders and seven families were recorded from
November 2010 to February 2011. The species number of the order Anseriformes
was the largest followed by Charadriiformes, Ciconiiformes and Gruiformes. The
family Anatidae was the largest containing three species, in which Dendrocygna
javanica (Lesser Whistling
Duck ) was recorded in the largest number. Based on the recorded
habitats shared by migratory water birds, highest similarity index (66.67%)
represented the shallow water and open water, (57.14%) in shallow water and
sandy and the remaining (44.44%) in open water and sandy shore.
Study
on Insect Pests of some Grains from Meiktila Environs
Abstract
The
study of insect pests of some grains from Meiktila environs were conducted from December 2011 to March 2012.The pests infected
samples were collected from Meiktila,
Market, Paukchaung Market, Myothit
Market and some farmer's house
from Meiktila environs. The infested
insect pests were collected and identified by microscope. The seven species of
insect pests of various life stages were recorded. The observed insect pests
were as; Tribolium confusum (Darkling beetle), Corinthiscus leucophacus (Dry fungus beetle), Sitophilus oryzae (Rice weevil), Sitophilus zeamais(Maize weevil),
Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Saw toothed grain beetle), Acanthoscelides obtectus (seed beetle), and Callosobruchus chinesis (Cow pea bruchids). According to the
observed data, rice was infected by Tribolium
confusum, Corinthiscus leucophacus, Sitophilus oryzae and Oryzaephilus surinamensis. Maizae and
sorghum were infested by S.zeamais. Beam was infested by Acanthoscelidesl obtectus.
All of the study grains, such as; rice, maize, sorghum, and beam there are
conclude that rice had mixed infestation. The developmental stages of seven
species were recorded. The observed insect's pests and their developmental
stages were photographed by Digital Sony Camera.
Study
on some Pests of Leafy Vegetables in Meiktila Township
Abstract
Altogether six species of insects which
destroyed in leafy vegetables were collected and identified. Larvae of insects
on the leafy vegetables were collected on plantations some were collected on
the purchased vegetables from markets. The larvae together with vegetables were raised in
cages in the laboratory, Department of Zoology, Meiktila University. Pest
status and damage that caused by pests on the study leafy vegetables were noted
and presented. Systematic position of recorded pests were presented in
tabulated form .The highest infestation rate was observed in Spodopter litura (37.6%), followed by
that of Plutella xyloptella (31.9%). The least infestation
rate was observed in Trichoplusia ni
(4.3%). Among six species of pests, except Pieris
rapae, the remaining five species, such as Plutella xylostella, Crocidolomia
binotalis, Spodopter litura, Trichoplusia
ni and Helicoverpa zea were infested on Chinese cabbage. Pieris
rapae, plutella xyloptella and Spodopter litura were infested on cauliflower. Mustard and Cabbage
were destroyed by the pest Plutella
xylostella and Kale was destroyed by the pest Spodopter litura. According to the observed data, revealed that
Chinese cabbage and cauliflower had mix infestation and Mustard, Cabbage and
Kale had single infestation respectively. Photographic records of infested
larval, pupal and adult stages were also presented.
The
Effect of Physico-Chemical Constituents in Pond Water and microorganisms on the
Growth of Labeo rohita At Kume Fishery Station
Abstract
The present study was
conducted from November 2011 to February 2012 and involved four study sites for
physio-chemical and biological analysis, of which two experimental ponds were
use to evaluate the growth performance
of the experimental strains, obtained by crossing male and female Labeo rohita collected from different
localities. The results of the physics –chemical analysis conducted four study
sites revealed that physical characteristics and chemical constituents were
within the permissible limit in accordance with WHO standard. The conditions of
the ten different strains, the products of crossing Labeo rohita collected from
different localities and arbitrarily designated in accordance with the breeders
from which they were produced where in fairly good to excellent
conditions(K=1.34-1.9), so that the length
weight correlation was positive in some experimental
strains(r=0.19-0.57) which highly significant in others
(r=0.90-0.99). From the overall results, it was concluded at present,
that L.rohita from Tharrawore and Innma are relevant to be
used as cross breeders for producing better strains (MT, TL, TI, SI) in future
selective breeding programme.
Tropic
Morphology of some Fish Species of MONPIN "IN", Meiktila Township
Abstract
The morphology and
structural modification of mouth type, teeth, gill rakers, stomach and
intestine of six fish species of Monpin "In" were studied. The study six species included Labeo
calbasu, Osteobrama belangeri, Puntius sarana, Oreochromis sp., Glossogobius giuris and Channa
panaw having different feeding habits; carnivores, omnivores and
herbivores. The study period lasted from December, 2011 to March, 2012. Based
on the ratio of standard length and intestinal length, it should be concluded
that, the longest in herbivores, the moderate in omnivores and the shortest in
carnivores. The steps for procedures were presented with scaled photographs
and discussed. Suggestions for future work have been outlined.
Occurrence
of Fruit Borers (Order Lepidoptera) on some Cultivated Plants in Thazi
Township, Mandalay Region
Abstract
This study was an
investigation on the fruit borers infested on some cultivated plants in Thazi
Township, Mandalay Region from July 2011 to February 2012. Satellite map and
four study sites were presented. The insect pests infested on four kinds
of selected plants ( eggplants, tomato, mungbean and okra) were Leucinodes orbonalis, Ascia monuste, Earias insulana, Helicoverpa
armigera, Helicoverpa zea, Spodoptera
ornithogarlli, Diatraea saccharalis, and Diatraea grandiosella. The results
indicated that D.
saccharalis was the most prevalent species, followed by D. grandiosella, Helicoverpa armigera, H. zea, Leucinodes orbonalis, Spodoptera ornithogarlli, Ascia monuste,
and Earias insulana. Among four kinds
of studied plants, mungbean was found to be the highest infestation rate
(42.4%) and the least found on okra (7.4%). Single and mixed infestation were analyzed and recorded. Eggplants were encountered only one kinds of pest as single infestation
while the remaining studied plants were found as mixed infestation. Damages on
the fruits and plants were discussed and plates for showing characteristics of insects
pests were presented. Fingers and tables were also included wherever necessary.
Population Status and some
Behavioral Activities of Common Coot, Fulica atra L.in MONPIN "IN", Meiktila
Abstract
The Common Coot Fulica atra population at the Monpin Lake was weekly monitored
between October 2012 and January 2013, and five behavioral activities were
accounted. The total numbered recorded during the study period was 1275
individuals in which the maximum count 465 individuals were found in December.
Data analysis showed that percentage time spent in swimming was highest
(30.64%) followed by feeding (27.74%), and then by resting (25.27%), preening
(9.56%) and treading (6.78%) respectively. Feeding activity exhibited, also a
gradual increase by month due to decrease rainfall, temperature, humidity and
conditions. There were variations in other activities in daily, monthly and
during cold season.
Morphometric
Analysis and Condition Factor Evaluated on some Fishes from Monpin
"IN" Meiktila Township
Abstract
This study was an attempt to estimate
the length-length relationships, length-weight relationship and condition
factor of three fish species namely Notopterus
notopterus,Oreochromis sp. and Channa striata, procured from monpin "In", Meiktila Township,
Upper Myanmar. A Total of 102 specimens were used for analysis and this study
lasted from June, 2012 to March, 2013. Highly significant correlation existed
between total length and other morphometric parameter (standard length, head
length and body width) as well as body weight of all species studied.
Correlation coefficient (R2) between total length and standard
length of N. notopterus, Oreochromis sp.
and C. striata was 0.99, 0.98 and
0.99 respectively. Correlation coefficient (R2) from exponential
length-weight equation of N. notopterus,
Oreochromis sp. and C. striata was 0.98, 0.90 and 9.96
respectively. The value of regression coefficient (b) ranged from 2.75 to 3.07
and showed that N. notopterus and C. striata indicated isometric and Oreochromis sp. was negative allometric
growth condition. The condition factor ranged from 0.40 to 2.20 and the
condition of species studied was found to be quite satisfactory in the study
area. The outcome of this study is hoped to be informative to fisheries farmers
and researchers.
Identification
of Isolated Imperfect Fungi Harboring in some Marketable Fishes from Meiktila
Lake
Abstract
The study of imperfect fungi
on the some marketed fishes from Meiktila Lake, Meiktila, Mandalay Region, was
carried out from November 2012 to March 2013. The collected fishes were; Channa striatus,Oreochromis sp. and Clarias batrachus. The fishes were purchased
from fisherman and carried to the laboratory of the zoology department,
classifications were conducted and then dissected the tissue and bone and then
dried by sunlight. After drying by sun, the inoculation of microorganisms,
imperfect fungi from tissue, bone and scale (except from Calarias batrachus) were carried out by using WA and PDA media. The
isolated microorganisms were classified under by using Electric Olympus
microscope and the observed microorganisms were photographed by Sony Digital
Camera. In Clarias batrachus, only
one species of imperfect fungi was isolated from isolated from tissue and bone.
In Oreochromis sp.,1 from tissue,4
from scale and 1 from bone isolated. In Channa
striatus, 2 from scale, 1 from
tissue and 3 from bone of imperfect fungi isolated. They were; Aspergillus sp.1, Aspergillus sp.2, Gilmaniella
sp.1, Aspergillus sp.3, Pencillium sp., Acremonium sp., Stilbum
sp., Gilmaniella sp.2, Memnoniella
sp., Leptographium sp., Fulsarium sp., Aspergillus sp.4, Aspergillus
sp.5, and Fonscaea sp. The morphology
and micrograph of the observed imperfect fungi were identified according to
Ando and Inaba (2004) and Barnett and Hunter (1973).
Identification
of Isolated Imperfect Fungi Harboring in some Carps from Meiktila Lake
Abstract
The isolation of imperfect
fungi harboring in the different parts of some carps from Meiktila Lake,
Meiktila were studied from November 2012 to February 2013. The studied fish
species were Labeo rohita,
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and
Cyprinus carpio. The collected fishes were classified, dissected and then
dried by the sun.
The completely dried specimens were examined the isolation of microorganisms
especially focus in imperfect fungi. WA and PDA media were used for isolation
of fungi. When the fungi were grown, sub-culturing of fungi was conducted. The
morphology and micrograph of fungi were
recorded in order to make identification. The isolated fungi were identified
down to genus level .In this study, twenty types under fourteen genera of
imperfect fungi were observed. They are Stilbum
sp., Bijpolaris sp., Fusarium sp. 1, Aspergillus sp.1, Aspergillus
sp.2, Aspergillus sp.3 Aspergillus sp .4 Curvularia sp.1, Curvularia sp. 2, Curvularia sp.3,Varicosporina
sp., Parasympodiella sp., Bactridium
sp. and Paecilomyces sp. from Labeo rohita; Fusarium sp.2, Didymaria
sp. and Nigrospora sp. from Hypophthalmichthys molitrix; Chaetomium sp., Heliocomyces sp. and Cylindrocladium sp. from Cyprinus carpio. These fungi were photographed by
Sony digital camera, made in Japan.
Taxonomic
Study of some Fishes from Nyaung Yan Lake, Thazi Township
Abstract
Taxonomic study of some
fishes from Nyaung Yan Lake, Thazi Township, were carried out from October 2013
to February 2014. Seventeen species, 13 genera, 10 families, and five orders
were observed. The observed orders were Osteoglossiformes, Cypriniformes,
Siluriformes, Synbranchiformes and Perciformes. The observed families were
Notopteridae,Cyprinidae, Cobitidae,Bargidae, Claridae, Mastacembelidae, Chandidae,
Gobiidae,and Channidae. The observed fish species were identified and
classified according to Talwar and Jhingran (1991) and Rainboth (1996).
Study
on Wing Venations of some Butterfly Species from Meiktila University Campus and
its Environs
Abstract
The study of wing venations
of some butterfly species in Meiktila University campus and its environs was
conducted from November 2013 to February 2014. A total number of 53 butterfly
specimens belonging to three families, 11 genera, 14 subspecies were collected
during study period. Collected specimens, fall under three families namely
Papilionidae, Pieridae and Nymphalidae were identified and recorded.
Differences observed among the respective wing venations were described and
discussed. Comparison on the different structures and parameters of wing
venations of studied 14 species were included in this paper.
Investigation
on Plant Parasitic Nematodes in the Soil of Mondaing Village, Meiktila Township
Abstract
The occurrence of soil
nematodes from groundnut and chilli crop fields in Mondaing village of Meiktila
Township, Mandalay Region was investigated during the period from November 2013
to February 2014. From the collected soil samples of groundnut and chilli
fields, 13 genera belonging to seven families of three orders under two classes
were recorded. Among the observed genera, Meloidogyene,
was found to be the predominant on the soil samples of both groundnut and
chilli crop fields. Moreover, Meloidogyene,
Heterodera and Helicotylenchus
were found with prominent values of 138, 92 and 85, respectively and occurred
in 16%, 11% and 10% of all soil samples respectively. Paratrichodorus was found to be the lowest in number 27 (3%). The
data from recent study indicated that the soil samples of groundnut crop field
showed higher incidence of nematodes (57%) than that of chilli crop field
(43%). Morphological characters of each species were shown by coloured
photographs and species composition and relative abundance were also calculated
and represented with tabulated forms.
Study
on the Nest Site Selection and Nest Structure Found in Two Species of Weaver
Birds in Meiktila Environs
Abstract
Study was conducted from
October 2013 to January 2014 in the Meiktila environs. Differences in the
selection of nest sites, nesting tree, nesting materials and nest structures of
two weaver species, Ploceus philippimus
burmanicus (Linnaeus, 1766) and Ploceus
hypoxanthus (Sparrman, 1788) were recorded. Nests of P. philippinus burmanicus were found in three species of three, Cocoa nucifer L. (Ohn), Tamarindus indica L. (Magyi) and Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.)
(Tayok-magyi). The nests of P.
hypoxanthus were recorded from aquatic emergent plant, Typha anguistifolia L. (Shin-mwe-lon). There were differences in
nest site choice, nest structure, nesting materials and so that on overall
variations in the nests can be used can be used to assist species recognition
in the weaver genus Ploceus.
Occurrence and Infestation
of some Lepidoptera Pests on Bt Cotton Field in Digaung Kon Village, Wuntwin
Township, Mandalay Region
Abstract
Occurrence and infestation
of some Lepidoptera pests of cotton cultivar, Bt cotton (Ngwe Chi VI) were
studied at Digaung Kon Village, Wuntwin Township, Mandalay Region from October
2013 to January 2014. Pests' examination was carried out in a randomly selected
1m2 study plot including 10 sample plants under unsprayed condition.
Investigation for pest status conducted weekly throughout the study period up
to about four months till the crop harvested. Systematic position and
morphometric characters of studied plant and collected insect pests were
carried out with suitable references and photographs. Life cycles of collected
pests, nature of damaged plants, diagnostic symptoms on each pest and some
natural enemies found in present study were discussed. Altogether six species
belonging to three families of order Lepidoptera namely, Sylepta derogata, Spodoptera litura, Earias vittella, Earias
insulana, Helicoverpa armigera, and
Pectinophora gossypiella, were found at various stages of plant growth with
overlapping manner. In the present study the population of S. derogata was found in highest numbers and H. armigera was lowest among all collected species. Small amount of
bollworms' infestation was found during the study period. Some natural enemies
were found in study area during the study period. Economic infestation by these
pests was not observed in my study area during the study period.
Study
on some Soil Arthropods in Meiktila Environs
Abstract
A systematic study of 13
soil arthropod species belonging to 13 genera, 11 families, eight orders and
five classes were conducted from Meiktila environs, during the study period
from Novermber, 2013 to February, 2014. Altogether 13 studied species of soil arthropods
were Heterometrus longimanus, Hottentotta
tamulus, Armadillidium vulgare, Ommatoiulus moreleti, Scolopendra
gigantea,Gryllodes sigillatus, Gryllotalpa orientalis, Reticulitermes flavipes,
Calosoma maderae, Xylotrupes gideon, Oryctes rhinoceros, Anomala antiqua,
and Cenrtomyrtex brachycola. Among
them H. longimanus, H. tamulus,G. sigilla,
and G. orientalis were found only in
the night and remaining occurred in both day and night. Moreover, the general
descriptions of morphology were also discussed. Their physical appearances were
shown by coloured photographs.
Identification
of some Freshwater Gastropods from Min Hla Lake,Thazi Township
Abstract
This study reveals the
occurrence of freshwater gastropods from Min Hla Lake, Thazi Township, Meiktila
District was conducted from Novermber 2013 to February 2014. A total of 17
species of freshwater gastropod in 11 genera belonging to six families were recorded.
Five species such as Melanoides
tuberculata, M. torulosa, M. anomala, Thiara balonnensis, Syrmylasma venustula and Cipangopaludina chinensis, Viviparus
contecus, V. ater, V. glacialis, Bellamya chinensis were under belong to
family Thiaridae and Viviparidae respectively. Three species such as Pachychilus laevisimus, P. potamarchus and Malania cinerea composed in family Pachychilidae and two species namely Helix pomatia and H. aperta were in the Helicidae. Only one species namely Pila ampullaceal and Bithynia tentaculata was found to be recorded in the family
Ampullariidae and Bithyniidae respectively. Shell morphology was described and
specimens were identified and photographed. Artificial keys were down to
species level.
Comparative
Analysis of Stomach Contents in some Fishes from Meiktila Lake
Abstract
The stomach contents of
three commercially important fish species in Meiktila Lake, namely Channa striata, Oreochromis sp, Labeo rohita
especially on relative importance of the different food items, found in the
stomach contents were determined by using frequency of occurrence methods from
November 2014 to February 2015. Thirty two (32) individual fish of each species
were obtained and their stomach contents were examined. Out of the 32
individual fish of each species examined,
Channa striata had two empty stomach (6.25%), Oreochromis sp. had four empty stomach (12.50%) and Labeo rohita had three empty stomach
(9.38%) respectively. Altogether ten types of food items were found in the
stomach of studied fishes. According to the result, the stomach contents of Channa striata consisted mainly of
animal matters such as fishes and zooplanktons and hence defined as carnivorous
fish. In Oreochromis sp, dominant
food items were alage and zooplanktons and hence defined as omnivorous fish.
The stomach contents of Labeo rohita consisted chiefly of plant
materials and hence considered as herbivorous fish. In the present study, mean
weight of stomach contents was also calculated.
Taxonomic
Desprition of some Dragonfly in Minhla Lake,Thazi Township
Abstract
The present study was conducted from
November, 2014 to February, 2015. A total of 15 species belonging to 11 genera
and two families were collected from Minhla Lake. Family Gomphidae represent
one species (Paragomphus lineatus). Family Libellulidae was represented by 14
species and found to be dominant in this study site. These species were
Brachythemis contaminate, Bradinopyga geminate, Crocothemis servilia servilia,
Diplacodes trivialis, Orthetrum pruinosum neglectum, Orthetrum sabina, Pantala
flavescens, Potamarcha congenerRhyothemis phyllis Phyllis, Rhyothemis variegate
variegate, Tramea basilaris burmeisteri, Trithemis aurora, Trithemis festiva and
Trithemis pallidinervis. The collected specimens were identified and described
along with relevant photographic presentation. Taxonomic keys for families,
genera and species were also presented.
Investigation
of some Freshwater Insects in Min Hla Lake Thazi Township
Abstract
This study reveals that the
occurrecce of freshwater insects from Min Hla Lake,Thazi Township, Meiktila
District was conducted from November 2014 to February 2015 (four months). A
total of 14 species of freshwater insects in 14 genera belonging to ten families
were recorded.In total of 14 species of freshwater insects in genera belonging
to ten families were recorded. In order Odonata, each of one species such as Anax junius and Ictinogomphus rapax belonging to family Aeshnidea and Gomphidae
were recorded respectively and three species such as Orthetrum sabina, Pantala
flavescens and Trithemis aurora
consist of family Libellulidae. In Order Hemiptera, each of one species such as
Hydrometra martini, Gerris remigis, Notonecta glauca composed in family
Hydrometridae, Gerridae and Notonectidae respectively; two species such as Nepa cinerea, and Ranatra chinensis were in the Nepidae and two species such as Lethocerus americanus, and Diplonychus rusticus were in
Belostomatidae. In order Coleoptera, only one species namely Dytiscus verticalis( adult and larva ), Hydrophilus triangularis was found to
be recorded in the family Dytiscidae and Hydrophilidae respectively.Their
description was described and specimens were identified and photographed.
