Abstract : Department of Chemistry

ISOLATION AND STRUCTURAL IDENTIFICATION OF DICTAMNINE (ALKALOID) AND RELATED COMPOUNDS FROM BARK OF ZANTHOXYLUM ARMATUM DC. (THI-HA-YAZA)

Candidate - MA TIN MOE LATT, M.Res(Thesis), 2005

Abstract

            A chemical investigation of the bark of Zanthoxylum armatum DC (Family-Rutaceae) has led to the isolation and characterization of distamnine (alkaloid) together with another alkaloid, robustine. The structures of the alkaloids were identified by FT-IR Spectroscopy. The ethylacetate extract of this bark shows anti-microbial activity against six kinds of bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Myco bacterium Species, Bacillus pumilus and Pseudomonus areginosa.

ISOLATION AND STRUCTURAL IDENTIFICATION OF DIOSGENIN  (STEROID) AND RELATED COMPOUNDS FROM ROOTS OF SMILAX PROLIFERA ROXB (SEIN NA BAW)

Candidate - MA THET THET KHAING, M.Res(Thesis), 2005

Abstract

            The steroid, diosgenin and its 3-O-β-D- glucoside were isolated from roots of Smilax prolifera Roxb, collected in Mount Popa. Phytochemical survey of root extracts of Smilax prolifera Roxb led to the isolation of diosgenin. The structure of these compounds was identified on the basis of its spectral data. The ethylacetate extract of this root showed anti-microbial activity against six organisms. The study of anti-bacterial activities was performed by Agar-well diffusion method.

ISOLATION AND STRUCTURAL IDENTIFICATION OF PIPERINE (ALKALOID) AND RELATED COMPOUNDS FROM ROOTS OF PIPER. RETROFRACTUM (SAYO)

Candidate - MA THIDA WIN, M.Res(Thesis), 2005

Abstract

            A chemical investigation of the roots of Piper retrofractum (Piperaceae) has led to the isolation of piperine, an alkaloid, and retrofractamide, an amide. The structures of these compounds were identified on the basis of its spectral data. These alkaloids showed anti-microbial activity. In this paper isolation, structural identification and bioactivity results of these compounds are reported.

ISOLATION AND STRUCTURAL IDENTIFICATION OF XANTHOXYLIN  (TERPENOID) AND RELATED COMPOUNDS FROM FRUITS OF           ZANTHOXYLUM ARMATUM DC. (THI-HA-YAZA)

Candidate - MA HTAR HTAR OO, M.Res(Thesis), 2005

Abstract

            The fruits of Zanthoxylum armatum DC (Z. alatum Roxb), Rutaceae, (Thi-Ha-Yaza) were collected from Mount Popa. Preliminary Phytochemical investigation of the crude sample showed that the chemical constituents of the fruits may be alkaloids and terpenoids. The crude sample also showed antimicrobial activities against six kinds of bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonus areginosa, Bacillus pumilus, Candida albicans and Myco bacterium species. Phytochemical survey of fruits of Zanthoxylum armatum DC led to the isolation of a known compound, xanthoxylin, by column and Thin-Layer chromatographic techniques.. Another compound, linalool, an essential oil, has also been isolated. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified by phytochemical tests and by the comparison of their FT-IR spectroscopic properties and observed melting point and boiling point with literature values.

ISOLATION AND STRUCTURAL IDENTIFICATION OF BERBERINE (ALKALOID) AND RELATED COMPOUNDS FROM ROOTS OF           BERBERIS ASIATICA ROXB. (HSAY-WAR-GYI)

Candidate - MA MYA MU AYE, M.Res(Thesis), 2006

Abstract

            Berberis asiatica Roxb. is one of the species of Berberis genus in the Berberidaceae family. A chemical investigation of the roots of Berberis asiatica Roxb. has led to the isolation and characterization of berberine (alkaloid) together with other related compound. The ethyl acetate extract of this root shows antimicrobial activities against six micro-organisms, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus pumalis, Candida albicans and Mycobacterium species. The crude sample from the roots of Berberis asiatica Roxb. was isolated by column chromatographic method. The isolated compounds were identified, and characterized by thin layer chromatographic method utilizing various solvent systems and colour developing agents, and finally the chemical structures of the pure compounds were also confirmed by using the spectroscopic technique called FT-IR.

ISOLATION AND STRUCTURAL IDENTIFICATION OF BETULIN AND  RELATED COMPOUNDS FROM STEM BARK OF PREMNA INTEGRIFOLIA LINN. (TAUNG-TAN-GYI)

Candidate - MA AYE MYA PHYU, M.Res(Thesis), 2006

Abstract

            Premna integrifolia Linn. (Taung-tan-gyi) is one of the medicinal plants in Myanmar. It belongs to the Vervenaceae family. The preliminary phytochemical tests of the crude extract of the stem bark obtained from Premna integrifolia Lin. suggested that the chemical constituents in the sample were steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenes, glycosides and tannins. The crude extracts of the sample show antibacterial activities for five micro-organisms, Bacillus Subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus pumalis, Candida albican and Mycobacterium species. Betulin, a known terpenoid, was isolated from the ethylacetate extract of the sample by using Thin-layer and column chromatograms. The yield percent of this isolated compound was 0.53% based upon the crude extract. Another known compound, β-sitosterol (a steroid) has also been isolated (0.44%) during the isolation of betulin.In addition, the isolated compounds were recrystallized and identified on the basis of phytochemical tests, melting point determination, FT-IR spectral measurements and comparison with literature data.

ISOLATION AND STRUCTURAL IDENTIFICATION OF ACACETIN  (FLAVONOID) AND RELATED COMPOUNDS FROM ROOTS OF           CLERODENDRUM PHLOMIDES LINN.F. (TAPA-HSAY)

Candidate - MA THAN THAN HTAY, M.Res(Thesis), 2006

Abstract

            The roots of Clerodendrum phlomides Linn.f. were collected from Mount Popa. Preliminary phytochemical investigation of the crude sample indicates that the chemical constituents of the roots of C.phlomides may be flavonoid, terpene, steroid and phenolic compound. Furthermore, the crude extracts dissolved in various solvent were tested for antibacterial activity on six types of micro-organisms applying agar disc diffusion methods. Chemical investigation of roots of C.phlomides Linn.f. led to the isolation of a known compound, acacetin (flavones) by column and thin layer chromatographic methods. Another compounds, β-sitosterol has also been isolated. The structures  of the isolated compounds were identified by comparison with literature data and their spectroscopic properties.

ISOLATION AND STRUCTURAL IDENTIFICATION OF ARISTOLOCHIC ACID AND RELATED COMPOUNDS FROM ROOTS OF ARISTOLOCHIA BRACTEATA RETZ. (NGA-PHONE-HSAY)

Candidate - MA AYE PO, M.Res(Thesis), 2006

Abstract

            The roots of Aristolochia bracteata Retz, Aristolochiaceas, (Nga-Phone-Hsay) were collected from Mount Popa. Preliminary phytochemical investigation of the crude sample showed that the chemical constituents of the roots may be alkaloids, steroids, phenolic compounds, glycoside, carbohydrate and terpenes. The crude sample also showed antimicrobial activities against six micro-organisms. Phytochemical survey of roots of Aristolochia bracteata Retz. led to the isolation of Aristolochic acid together with a related compound by Column and Thin Layer Chromatographic techniques. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified by phytochemical tests and by the comparison of their FT-IR spectroscopic properties and observed melting point with literature values.

ISOLATION AND STRUCTURAL IDENTIFICATION OF HARDWICKIIC ACID (DITERPENOID) AND RELATED COMPOUNDS FROM STEM-BARK OF CROTON OBLONGIFOLIUS ROXB. (THENTYIN-GYI)

Candidate - MA THWE THWE OO, M.Res(Thesis), 2006

Abstract

            In this research work, the stem-bark of C. oblongifolius Roxb. (Thetyin-gyi) was chosen for detailed for chemical analysis. Phytochemical tests of the crude extract gave positive flavonoid, steroid, glycoside, carbohydrate and terpene. In addition, the anti-microbial activities of the crude extract were found to response activities on six microorganisms. The diterpenoid acids, hardwickiic acid and oblongifolic acid were isolated by column and thin-layer chromatography methods using various ratios of n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Finally, the structures of the isolated acids were identified by phytochemical test, melting point determination and comparison of their FT-IR spectral data with those observed from literature.

ISOLATION AND STRUCTURAL IDENTIFICATION OF β-SITOSTEROL  (STEROID) AND RELATED COMPOUNDS FROM STEM-BARK OF CELASTRUS PANICULATUS WILLD. (MYINGOUNG-NAYAUNG)

Candidate - MA KHIN MYA YEE, M.Res(Thesis), 2006

Abstract

            The stem barks of Celastus paniculatus Willd., Celastraceae, were collected from Mount Popa Mandalay Division. Preliminary phytochemical investigation of the crude sample showed that the chemical constituents of the stem barks may be steroid and terpene. The crude sample also showed antimicrobial activities against six micro-organism, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus pumalis, Candida albicans and Mycobacterium species. Phytochemical survey of stem barks of Celastrus paniculatus Willd., led to the isolation of a known compound β-sitosterol by column and thin-layer chromatographic technique. Another compound β-amyrin had also been isolated. The structure of the isolated compounds were identified by phytochemical test and by the comparison of the FT-IR spectroscopic properties and observed melting point with literature value.

ISOLATION AND STRUCTURAL IDENTIFICATION OF LUPEOL AND RELATED COMPOUNDS FROM STEM BARK OF MALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS (LAM.) MUELL. ARG. (TAW-THI-DIN)

Candidate - MA AYE THIDA HLAING, M.Res(Thesis), 2007

Abstract

            Mallotus philippinensis (Lam.) Muell. Arg. (Taw-thi-din) is one of the Euphobiaceae family. The sample Taw-thi-din used for this work was collected from Popa Mountain. The leave, fruit, seed, stem bark and root are used in the indigenous drugs. Preliminary phytochemical tests of the crude extract of the stem bark showed that the chemical constituents in the sample were flavoids, phenolic compounds, steroids, and terpenes. The crude sample also showed antimicrobial activities against six micro-organisms, such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Psedomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus pumalis, Candida albicans and Mycobacterium species by applying agar disc diffusion methods. Phytochemical survey of stem bark of Mallotus philippinensis (Lam). Muell. Arg. led to the isolation of a known compound, lupeol by column and thin layer chromatographic technique. Another unknown compound had also been isolated. Finally, the structure of lupeol was identified by phytochemical test and by the comparison of the FT-IR spectroscopic data and observed melting point with literature values.

ISOLATION AND STRUCTURAL IDENTIFICATION OF SCOPOLAMINE (ALKALOID) AND RELATED COMPOUNDS FROM SEEDS OF CELASTRUS PANICULATUS WILLD. (MYINGOUNG-NAYAUNG)

Candidate - MA NILAR SOE, M.Res(Thesis), 2007

Abstract

            Celastrus paniculatus Willd. (Myingoung-nayaung) is one of Celastraceae family. The samples were freshly collected, air dried, powdered and percolated. From the phytochemical screening of the seeds of Celastrus paniculatus Willd., it has been observed that the chemical constituents of Celastrus paniculatus Willd. may be alkaloids, steroids, terpenes and phenolic compounds. The crude sample was also tested for antimicrobial activities against six micro-organisms by agar disc diffusion method. A known compound scopolamine (alkaloid) had been isolated by column chromatogramphic, thin layer chromatographic and recrystallization methods. Another unknown compound had also been isolated. Finally, the structure of the isolated pure compound scopolamine was identified by phytochemical test, melting points determination and comparison of their FT-IR spectral data with that observed from literature.

ISOLATION AND STRUCTURAL IDENTIFICATION OF KURCHAMINE  AND RELATED COMPOUNDS FROM STEM BARK OF HOLARRHENA ANTIDYSENTERICA LINN. WALL. (LET-HTOK-GYI)

Candidate - MA KHIN SOE HTWE, M.Res(Thesis), 2007

Abstract

            Holarrhena antidysenterica Linn. Wall. is one of the medicinal plant in Myanmar. It belongs to the Apocynaceae Family. The samples were freshly collected from Mount Popa, air dried, powdered and percolated. Preliminary phytochemical test were carried for qualitative examination of the sample. From the phytochemical screening of the bark of Holarrhena antidysenterica Linn. Wall., it has been observed that the phytochemical constituents of it may be alkaloids, steroids, terpenes and phenolic compounds. These constituents provide ingredients for drugs. The crude sample shows antimicrobial activities against six micro-organisms.           Phytochemical survey of bark of Holarrhena antidysenterica Linn. Wall. led to the isolation of Kurchamine, together with a related compound by Column and Thin-Layer Chromatographic techniques. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified by phytochemical tests and by the comparison of their FT-IR spectroscopic data and observed melting point with literature values.

ISOLATION AND STRUCTURAL IDENTIFICATION OF JATRORRHIZINE   (ALKALOID) AND RELATED COMPOUNDS FROM ROOTS OF THALICTRUM FOLIOLOSUM DC (HKHANDAUK)

Candidate - MA MUYAR MIN, M.Res(Thesis), 2007

Abstract

            The plant materials of Thalictrum foliolosum DC. were identified by the taxonomist in the Forest Department of Popa mountain park. Phytochemical screening on the sample, the roots of Thalictrum foliolosum DC. revealed the presence of bioactive constituents comprising alkaloids, phenolic compounds, saponins, terpenes, steroids, tannins, flavonoids and carbohydrates. The ethanol extract, ethyl acetate extract and distilled water extract of the root of Thalictrum foliolosum DC. exhibited antimicrobial activity against six organisms, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus pumalis, Candida albicans and Mycobacterium species. A known alkaloids, jatrorrhizine (0.22 %) was isolated using ethyl acetate-ethanol 1:1 solvent system by column chromatographic technique. It was identified by phytochemical tests, FT-IR spectroscopic examination and melting point determination. During the isolation of jatrorrhizine another related compound, (MYM-2), (0.2 %) was also yielded. However its structures could not be assigned by it melting point and FT-IR spectrum.

ISOLATION AND STRUCTURAL IDENTIFICATION OF KAEMPFEROL   (FLAVONOID) AND RELATED COMPOUNDS FROM LEAVES OF ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE LINN. (THIHO-THAYET)

Candidate - MG MYO WIN, M.Res(Thesis), 2007

Abstract

            The leaves of Anacardium occidentale Linn. used in this work were collected from Popa area. Preliminary phytochemical investigation of the crude sample indicates that the chemical constituents of the leaves of Anacardium occidentale Linn. may be flavonoid, terpene, steroid, and phenolic compound. Furthermore, the sample powder dissolved in five solvent systems was tested for antibacterial activity on six types of micro-organisms applying agar disc diffusion methods. The flavonoids kaempferol and myricetin were isolated by column and thin layer chromatographic methods. Finally, the structures of these isolated pure compounds were identified by phytochemical test, melting point determination and comparison of their FT-IR spectral data with those observed from literature.

ISOLATION AND STRUCTURAL IDENTIFICATION OF FRIEDELIN    (TERPENE) AND RELATED COMPOUNDS FROM STEM BARK OF PUNICA GRANATUM LINN. (THA-LE)

Candidate - MA MYA MYA THWE, M.Res(Thesis), 2008

Abstract

            Punica granatum Linn. (Tha-le) was investigated to isolate a known terpene and its related compound from its stem bark. The samples were collected from Tamadaw Textile Mill Compound Meiktila. The air-dried samples were ground to a fine powder and have being percolated at room temperature with 95% ethanol. The sample was subjected to the preliminary phytochemical screening. This revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonods, polyphenols, glycosides, steroids, terpenes and tannins. The anti-microbial activity for the ethanol extract of the stem bark of Punica granatum Linn. indicated strong potency against six organisms, Bacillu subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus pumalis, Candida albicans and E-Coli, but for chloroform extract indicated weak potency against three organisms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus pumalis, and Candida albicans only. Phytochemical survey of stem bark of Punica granatum Linn. led to the isolation of a known compound friedelin by column and thin layer chromatographic technique. Another unknown compound had also been isolated. The purity of friedelin was checked by phytochemical test and by the comparison of observed melting point with literature value.

ISOLATION AND STRUCTURAL IDENTIFICATION OF QUERCETIN    (FLAVONOID) AND RELATED UNKNOWN COMPOUNDS FROM STEM BARK OF LANNEA COROMANDELICA (HOUTT.) MERR. (NA-BE)

Candidate - MA THIDA CHO, M.Res(Thesis), 2008

Abstract

            The stem bark of Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. Were collected from the forest Research Institute compound. Botanical identification was performed at the Tree Improvement Section of the Forest Research Institute, Yezin. The stem bark was washed, air-dried, ground and percolated with 95% ethanol. Preliminary phytochemical tests were carried out for qualitative examination of the sample. The results revealed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, steroids, terpenes and tannins, respectively. Alkaloid was absent in all the solvent systems used. The anti-microbial activity of the crude extract was also determined. Phytochemical survey of the stem bark of Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. Led to the isolation of a known compound quercetin by column and thin layer chromatography. Another unknown compound had also been isolated. The structure of isolated compound was identified by phytochemical test and by the comparison of the observed melting point with literature value.

ISOLATION AND STRUCTURAL IDENTIFICATION OF β-SITOSTEROL     (STEROID) AND RELATED COMPOUNDS FROM ROOTS OF AMARANTHUS SPINOSUS LINN. (HIN-NU-NWE-SU-BAUK)

Candidate - MA CHO CHO NWE, M.Res(Thesis), 2010

Abstract

            Amaranthus spinosus Linn. belongs to Amaranthaceae family. The roots of Hin-nu-nwe-su-bauk were collected form Yamethin Township, Mandalay Division. Phytochemical screening of the roots of Hin-nu-nwe-su-bauk was performed and the anti-mircrobial activities of the roots of Hin-nu-nwe-su-bauk extract were detected with six selected organisms by agar well diffusion method. Air dried powder of the roots of Hin-nu-nwe-su-bauk (500g) was percolated with 95% ethanol (1.5 L) for one month. Phytochemical survery of roots of Amaranthus spinous Linn. led to the isolation of a known compound β-sitosterol by column and thin layer chromatographic technique. Another unknown compound had also been isolated. The structure of the isolated compound, β-sitosterol was identified by phytochemical test and by the comparison of the observed melting point with literature value.

ISOLATION AND FUNCTIONAL GROUP DETERMINATION OF FLAVONOID COMPOUND (5,7-DIHYDROXY 6,8-DIMETHYL FLAVONE) AND OTHER RELATED UNKNOWN COMPOUND FROM THE ROOTS OF BOERHAAVIA DIFFUSA LINN. (PUNARNAVA)

Candidate - MA SHWE YI WIN, M.Res(Thesis), 2010

Abstract

            In this research work, the flavonoid and the related compounds were isolated from the root of Boerhavia diffusa Linn (punarnava). In India, the whole herb is a very popular medicine called ‘punarnava’ and the root has entered the Indian Pharmacopoeia. The whole plant is applied as a stomachic, cardio-tonic, hepato-protective, laxative, diuretic, anthelmintic, fevrifuge expectorant and in higher doses, as an emetic and purgative. The phytochemical test of the root of crude sample shows the presence of all constituents flavonoid, alkaloid and sterol. The flavonoid and other compounds were separated by modern separation techniques such as column and thin layer chromatography, respectively. The yield % of the isolated crystal was 3.76% based upon the EtOAc crude extract. Functional group determination was confirmed by FT-IR spectral data, and the phytochemical test for resultin compound shows the presence of flavonoid. The anti-microbial activity of the crude extract was also determend.

ISOLATION AND STRUCTURAL IDENTIFICATION OF HISPIDULIN     (FLAVONOID) AND RELATED COMPOUND FROM ROOTS OF MILLINGTONIA HORTENSIS LINN. (EGAYIT)

Candidate - MA THU ZAR WIN, M.Res(Thesis), 2010

Abstract

            The roots of Millingtonia hortensis Linn were collected from Yamethin township, Mandalay Division. Phytochemical screening of the roots of Egayit was studied and the crude sample dissolved in various solvents were tested for antimicrobial activities on six micro-organisms applying Agar well diffusion method. Air-dried powder of the roots of Egayit was percolated with 95% ethyl alcohol for two months. Two bioactive organic compounds were isolated from the roots of Egayit by thin layer and Column Chromatographic separation method. The structures of two unknown compounds could be assigned by FT-IR spectroscopy and melting point determination.

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF β-SITOSTEROL AND OTHER UNKNOWN COMPOUND FROM Acacia leucophloea ROXB. (HTA-NAUNG)

Candidate - MA MEI MEI KO, M.Res(Thesis), 2012

Abstract

            The plant Acacia leucophloea Roxb. (Hta-naung) reported to have great medicinal value in Indian Medicine. The bark is potent for cough, inflammation wound, skin diseases, leukoderma, diarrhea, hemorrhages, dental caries, stomatitis and fever. The phytochemical analysis of present studies revealed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, phenolic compound, steroid, glycoside, tannin, terpene and saponin. Pure compound (D) was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract by column chromatography. The isolated compound was checked by thin layer chromatography. The yield percent of pure compound (D) was 3% based upon ethyl acetate crude extract. The R_f value was found to be 0.262.

STUDIES ON CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF Musa acuminate Colla. AND Musa paradisiaca Linn.

Candidate - MA YI YI THANT, M.Res(Thesis), 2013

Abstract

            Banana has great nutritional value. In this present work, Thi-hmwe-nget-pyaw (Musa acuminate Colla.) and Hpi-gyan-nget-pyaw (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) were collected from Ywa-dan-Zay-Kwyt-Thit, Yamethin Township, Mandalay Region. Phytochemical investigation, chemical analysis and elemental analysis were determined. The phytochemical test of bananas has revealed that alkaloids, carbohydrates, α-amino acids, glycosides, reducing sugars, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, starch were present in collected banana. Flavonoids, saponins, steroids and tannins were absent. Chemical constituents analysis of Thi-hmwe-nget-pyaw and Hpi-gyan-nget-pyaw were determined as ash content (3.85% and 5.56%) by using the muffle furnace, water content (65.09% and 68.73%) by oven drying method, fat content (0.28% and 0.58%) by Soxhlet extraction method, fibre content (0.82% and 1.18%) by acid-base treatment, protein content (0.43% and 0.45%) by Kjeldahl and Conway micro-diffusion method, starch content (53.44% and 49.88%) by using distilled water and dilute sulphuric acid and carbohydrate content (29.54% and 23.70%) by chemical method. The element contents such as magnesium (2.03 mg/g and 2.07 mg/g) calcium (1.77 mg/g and 2.53 mg/g), potassium (25.20 mg/g and 25.20 mg/g) and sodium (1.18 mg/g and 2.34 mg/g) for Thi-hmwe-nget-pyaw and Hpi-gyan-nget-pyaw were determined by AAS method, respectively.

Keywords:       Musa acuminate Colla., Musa paradisiaca Linn.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON NUTRITIONAL VALUES ON SOME FISH SPECIES FROM THE SOUTHERN PART OF MEIKTILA LAKE

Candidate - MG TUN TUN NAING, M.Res(Thesis), 2014

Abstract

            The nutritional values and heavy metals compositions of selected fish species were determined. Three fishes species; Greyfeatherback, Tilapia and Banded Snakehead were collected from the Southern part of Meiktila Lake, Meiktila, analyzed by AOAC method for their nutritional values. Water content and ash content were determined by using oven drying method and muffle furnace method. Fat content was determined by using Soxhlet extraction method. Protein content and fibre content were determined by using AOAC method. Heavy metals were determined by using AAS method.

Keywords:       Greyfeatherback, Tilapia and Banded Snakehead, Meiktila Lake,                            AOAC method, AAS method

A STUDY OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES, ELEMENTAL COMPOSITIONS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE LEAVES OF Carica papaya Linn.

Candidate - MA THWE THWE SOE, M.Res(Thesis), 2014

Abstract

            This research work concerns with the study of phytochemical screening, antimicrobial activity, elemental analysis and antioxidant activities of the leaves of Carica papaya Linn. which is known as Thinbaw in Myanmar name, one of the Myanmar indigenous medicinal plant. Phytochemical tests on the leaves of Carica papaya Linn. showed that it contains alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, polyphenols, sponnins, steroids, carbohydrates, terpenes and tannins. The antimicrobial activities of the crude extract of papaya were determined in various solvent systems by Agar-well diffusion method on four selected organisms such as Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonous aeruginosa and E-coli. Moreover, the elemental analysis of leaves of papaya was done by using EDXRF spectrophotometer. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was examined by free radical scavenging method.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, NUTRITIONAL VALUES AND ELEMENTAL CONTENTS OF DRIED FERMENTED SOYBEAN SAMPLES FROM DIFFERENT LOCATION OF NORTHERN SHAN STATE (LASHIO) AND

SOUTHERN SHAN STATE (TAUNGGYI)

Candidate - MA THAE NU HTUN, M.Res(Thesis), 2014

Abstract

            In this research, dried fermented soybean samples were collected from Lashio (Northern Shan State) and Taunggyi (Southern Shan State). Physicochemical properties. nutritional values and elemental contents were determined. pH values of two samples were determined by pH meter. Moisture content in dried fermented soybean samples were determined by oven drying method. Ash content in dried fermented soybean samples were determined by muffle furnace ashing method. Fat content in dried fermented soybean samples were determined by Soxhlet extraction method using petroleum ether. The total nitrogen and protein content in dried fermented soybean samples were determined by Kjeldahl-Conway microdiffusion method. Fibre content in dried fermented soybean samples were determined by AOAC method. Carbohydrate content in dried fermented soybean samples were determined by chemical method. Minerals containing in dried fermented soybean samples were determined by using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS).

Keywords:       dried fermented soybean samples, AOAC, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION ON TRACE METALS BETWEEN SOYBEAN SAUCE SAMPLES

Candidate - MA THI THI SOE, M.Res(Thesis), 2014

Abstract

            In this research, some physicochemical properties (pH, water, fat, ash, total nitrogen and protein) of the five soybean sauce samples (Sample 1, Sample 2, Sample3, Sample 4 and Sample 5) from the markets were determined. The pH value of five samples were determined by pH meter. The water content in soybean sauce samples were determined by Dean and Stark apparatus. The fat content in soybean sauce samples were determined by Soxhlet extraction method using petroleum ether. The ash content in soybean sauce samples were determined by the muffle furnace. The total nitrogen content and protein content I soybean sauce samples were determined by Kjeldahl-Conway microdiffusion method. The mineral contents in soybean sauce samples were determined by AAS.

Keywords:       Soybean, soybean sauce, total nitrogen, protein, AAS

A STUDY OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES, ELEMENTAL COMPOSITIONS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE LEAVES OF Psidium guajava Linn

Candidate - MA THU ZAR HLAING, M.Res(Thesis), 2014

Abstract

            In this research the antioxidant activity of one Myanmar indegenious medicinal plant, Psidiuim guajava Linn also known as guava was studied. It was collected from Aungmingalar quarter, Meiktila Township, Mandalay Region, in Myanmar. The determination of preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaves of guava was done by using usual method. Moreover, the antimicrobial activities of the leaves extracts of guava were determined in various solvent systems by Agar well diffusion method on four selected organisms such as Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonous aeruginosa and E.coli species. The elemental compositions of leaves of guava were analyzed by using EDXRF spectrophotometer. The investigation of antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of leaves of guava was determined by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging method using ascorbic acid as standard.

Keywords:       Psidium guajava Linn.

ADSORPTION OF CADMIUM (II) IONS FROM CADMIUM (II) SULPHATE SOLUTION BY USING GROUNDNUT SHELL ASH

Candidate - MA SU MYAT ZAW, M.Res(Thesis), 2015

Abstract

            In this research work groundnut shell was collected from Pyawbwe Township, Mandalay Region. Ash was prepared at 600°  5°C for 6 hours using furnace. The yield percent of groundnut shell ash was found to be 0.42 %. The metal composition of groundnut shell ash was determined by using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluoresence (EDXRF). Groundnut shell ash has been used for sorption studies on toxic heavy metal (Cd²⁺).The effect of pH, metal concentration, dosage and contact time were studied by batch experiment. Batch adsorption experiments were performed at fine different initial heavy metal concentrations (20,40,60,80,100 mg/L), contact time period ranging from 30 mins to 240 mins, pH of solutions ranging from 3 to 7 and various dosage of ash range from 1 to 3 g. The results indicate that the uptake performance of groundnut shell ash significantly changed with pH, adsorbent dosage, concentration and contact time. The maximum percent removal of heavy metal (Cd²⁺) by groundnut shell ash was 60.48% respectively under optimum conditions such as initial concentration 20 ppm, pH-6, contact time 120 mins and dosage 1 g. The results suggested that groundnut shell ash has a particularly high potential for cadmium ions sorption.

Keywords:       groundnut shell ash, batch adsorption experiment, concentration,                             contact time, dosage, high potential

DETERMINATION OF NUTRITIONAL VALUES AND BIOACTIVITIES OF GREEN CAULIFLOWER AND WHITE CAULIFLOWER

(Brassicaoleracea L.)

Candidate - MA ZAR LAE LAE TUN, M.Res(Thesis), 2015

Abstract

            This research deals with the study on determination of the nutritional values, preliminary phytochemical constituents, elemental analysis and their bioactivities such as antimicrobial activities and antioxidant activities of green cauliflower and white cauliflower. Preliminary phytochemical tests indicated the presence of glycosides, phenolic compounds, α-amino acids, carbohydrates, saponins, alkaloids, reducing sugar, flavonoids and starch but tannin were not detected in each sample. The nutritional values were determined by AOAC method. The percentage of water, ash, protein, crude fibre, fat and carbohydrate to be observed 88.21% , 0.85%, 4.4%, 2.6%, 0.37% and 3.57% in green cauliflower and 88.4%, 0.6%, 3.6%, 1.8%, 0.45% and 5.15% in white cauliflower respectively. The elements (K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn) present in green cauliflower and white cauliflower were detected by AAS. Toxic element of mercury and lead were not detected. Antimicrobial activities of some crude extracts such as pet-ether, EtOAc, 90% EtOH and water obtained from green cauliflower and white cauliflower were investigated on six strains of bacteria which include Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacilus pumilus, Candida albicans and Escherichia coli by agar well diffusion method. It was found that EtOH extracts from white cauliflower showed maximum antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. But green cauliflower showed antimicrobial activity against on EtOH extract in Bacillus subtilis. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of green cauliflower and white cauliflower were investigated by using DPPH radical scavenging assay. It was found that antioxidant activity of EtOH extract of green cauliflower (IC₅₀ = 63.70) is higher than that of white cauliflower (IC₅₀ = 73.73).

Keywords:       green cauliflower, white cauliflower, broccoli, nutritional values,                             antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity

DETERMINATION OF NUTRITIONAL VALUES AND ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF Capsicum frutescens L.

Candidate - MA NWE OO MON, M.Res(Thesis), 2015

Abstract

            The nutritional values and elemental compositions of Capsicum frutescens L. fruts were determined and compared for green fruits and ripe fruits. The fruits of Capsicum Frutescens L. collected from Samon Village, Wundwin Township were analyzed by AOAC method for their nutritional values Water and ash contents were determined by using oven drying method. Fat content was determined by using Soxhlet extraction method. Protein and fibre contents were determined by using AOAC method. Vitamin C content was analyzed by using iodometric titration method. Elemental compositions were determined by using AAS method.

Keywords:       Capsicum frutescens L., AOAC method, AAS method

DETERMINATION OF NUTRITIONAL VALUES AND ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF Hylocereus undatus Haworth and Hylocereus polyrhizus Weber

Candidate - MA MOE SWE, M.Res(Thesis), 2015

Abstract

            In this research work, the phytochemical investigation of Hylocereus undatus Haworth and Hylocereus polyrhizus Weber fruits were determined by usual methods. The nutritional values and elemental composition of Hylocereus undatus Haworth and Hylocereus polyrhizus Weber fruits were determined. The Hylocereus undatus Hawworth and Hylocereus polyrhizus Wever fruits were collected from Shan-Tae Quarter, Meiktila Township, Mandalay Region. The fruits were analyzed by AOAC method for their nutritional values. Moisture and ash contents were examined by using oven drying method and muffle furnace method. Fat content was demined by  using Soxhlet extraction method. Protein and fiber contents were demined by using AOAC method. Elemental composition for Hylocereus undatus Haworth and Hylocereus polyrhizus Weber fruits were determined by iodometric titration method.

Keywords:       Hylocereus undatus Howorth and Hylocereus polyrhizus Weber

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENIGN OF THE STEM BARK OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA A. JUSS. (TAMAR)

Candidate - MA KHAING THWE HNIN, M.Sc(Thesis), 2011

Abstract

            The stem barks of Azadirachta Indica A. Juss; Meliaceae, were collected from Pauk Chanug Quarter in Meiktila Township, Mandalay Division. From the phytochemical screening of the stem bark of Azadirachta Indica A. Juss, it has been observed that the chemical constituents of the stem bark may be alkaloids, steroids, terpenes, glycosides, phenolic compounds, saponins, flavonoids and tannins. The crude sample was also tested for antimicrobial activities against six-organisms by agar disc diffusion method.

STUDY ON LITERATURE SURVEY, PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENINGS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF LEAVES OF ADHATODA VASICAL NEES. (MU-YAR-GYI)

Candidate - MA ZIN ZIN ZAW, M.Sc(Thesis), 2011

Abstract

            Adhatoda vasica Nees., Myanmar name is Mu-yar-gyi, belongs to Acanthaceae. The leaves of Mu-yar-gyi were collected from Aung San Quarter, Meiktila Township, Mandalay Division. Preliminary phytochemical tests were carried out for qualitative examination of the sample. The results revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenes, glycosides and steroids respectively. The leaves of Adhatoda vasica Nees. were tested for antimicrobial activities with different solvents system which relevant to six organisms such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Psedomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus pumalis, Candida albican and E-coli.

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CASSIA ALATA LINN. (THINBAW-MEZALI)

Candidate - MA MOE MYAT THUZARWIN, M.Sc(Thesis), 2011

Abstract

            In this thesis, one of the well-known Myanmar indigenous medicinal plant, Cassia alata Linn. (Thinbaw-mezali) was selected for chemical analysis. Firstly, the phytochemical screening of the stems of Thinbaw-mezali was examined. The stem of Thinbaw-mezali contains alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, steroids, terpenes, tannins, saponins, glycosides and phenolic compounds respectively. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activities of the stems of Thinbaw-mexali extract in various solvents were determined by agar well diffusion method in six selected organisms.

Keywords:       Cassia alata Linn., Phytochemical tests, Antimicrobial activities

STUDY ON PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF OLDENLANDIA CORYMBOSA LINN. (SULAR-NA-PHAR)

Candidate - MA KHIN THANDAR AUNG, M.Sc(Thesis), 2011

Abstract

            The present work deals with the investigation of phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of Sular-na-phar. The botanical name of Sular-na-phar is Oldenlandia corymbosa Linn. and its family is Rubiaceae. In this work, Oldenlandia corymbosa Linn., collected from Kyaukpadaung, Mandalay Division, in September 2010, was investigated. Preliminary phytochemical investigations of crude sample indicate that chemical constituent of Sular-na-phar are alkaloids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, flavonoids, tannins, steroids and terpenoids compounds. Antimicrobial activity of plant extracts were investigated by means of agar well diffusion method. This method showed that EtOAc extract was more active on all tested organisms (id-14-19 mm) than CHCl₃ and EtOH extracts.

ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF THE LEAVES OF CRATAEVA RELIGIOSA FORST. (KADET)

Candidate - MA WIN WIN NWE, M.Sc(Thesis), 2011

Abstract

            Crataeva religiosa Forst. (Kadet) belongs to family Capparidaceae. In this thesis, preliminary phytochemical screening and anti-microbial activities of the leaves of Cratreva religiosa Forst. (Kadet) were carried out. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, steroids, glycosides, tannins, terpenes and saponins. Furthermore, the sample powder dissolved in six solvent systems were tested for anti-microbial activities on six types of organisms applying agar well diffusion method.

PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION ON GRAPE VITIS VINIFERA LINN. WINE MAKING FROM GRAPE, ANALYSIS OF RED WINE AND ITS HEALTH BENEFITS

Candidate - MA ZIN MAR OO, M.Sc(Thesis), 2011

Abstract

            This study is aimed to investigate the presence of bioactive compounds in red wine from grape (Vitis vinifera) of family, Vitaceae. In this thesis, phytoconstituents in various parts of fruits (grape) such as pulp, skins and grape wine made from grape of such variety are qualitatively studied. Since some physical parameters such as pH, acidity, specific gravity and brix of fruit juice which are control factors for wine fermentation are measured. As soluble sugars (reducing sugars) of fruit juice are principal reactant to be converted to alcohol by yeast fermentation, monosaccharide (sugars) in grape juice are qualitatively detected before fermentation. Then grape wines are made from grape juice with and without skins and seeds by fermentation process involving the yeast (S. cerevisiae). Moreover, grape wine has many medicinal values to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases, bleeding, hypertension, various types of cancer at breast, skin, prostate and colon, brain cell damage, leukemia, obesity and age-related diseases. Some compounds in red wine possess antioxidant properties and anti-ageing properties. So, phytoconstituents in red wine are qualitatively detected in this thesis. Especially, phenolic compounds, anthocyanins and tannins are also checked by general methods. Furthermore, the existence of bioactivity in red wine (grape wine) are tested by using six micro-organisms, (test organisms) such as Staphylococcus sureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and fungi, Candida albican by agar-well plate diffusion method.

Keywords:      Leukemia, Cardiovascular diseases, Antioxidant, anti-ageing, obesity,                      S. aureus, B. subtilis, B. pumalis, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, C. albican,                      Test organism, Biochemical

DETERMINATION OF ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES AND PYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF THE LEAVE OF

QUISQUALIS INDICA LINN. (DAWEI-MAING)

Candidate - MA MAY MEI MEI KO, M.Sc(Thesis), 2011

Abstract

            The samples were collected from Patain Tan Quarter, Meiktila Township, Mandalay Division. The leaves were washed and air-dried. Then the air dried samples were ground to fine powder. The leaves of Quisqualis Indica Linn. (Dawei-maing) for this investigation were obtained from Department of Chemistry, Meiktila University. The leaves of (Dawei-maing) are used in traditional medicines especially for abscess, anthelmintic, diarrhea, physical pain and as a poultice for rheumatism. Preliminary phytochemical tests were carried out for qualitative examination of the sample. The results revealed the presence of saponin, steroid, flavonoid, glycoside, terpene, alkaloid, tannin, carbohydrate and phenolic compounds. The anti-microbial activities of the crude extract were also determined. The anti-microbial activities for the pet-ether and chloroform extract of the leaves of Quisqualis Indica Linn. indicated strong potency against organisms, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Psedomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus pumalis, Candida albicans and E-Coli, but for n-hexane extract gave negative activities against three organisms, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and E-Coli only.

PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION, PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk. (Zee) AND EXTRACTION OF DYES FROM BARK AND EPICARP POWDER OF ITS FRUITS

Candidate - MA THU ZAR WIN, M.Sc(Thesis), 2012

ABSTRACT

The application of natural dyes for dyeing in textile and food industries will decrease the expense for purchasing the synthesis dye and reduce their toxic effects on human and environment. Therefore, the objectives of this study is to investigate the extraction of natural dyes from epicarp powder of fruits and bark powder of ZiziphusmauritianaLamk., called Zee chin in Myanmar, using different solvent systems{ ethanol : distilled water (40:60 V/V) and distilled water: 45% glacial acetic acid (40:10 V/V)  } and its application on textiles and food products. Air-dried at room temperature for one month, both sample powder of Z.mauritianaare extracted with EtOH : D.H₂O (40:60 V/V) at 60°C for six hours by Soxhlet extractor and also extracted with D.H₂O and 45% glacial CH₃COOH (40:10 V/V) at 100°C for two hours. Qualitative analysis of phytoconstituents in both samples and physicochemical analysis on it of Z.mauritianaare carried out before extraction to determine the presence or absence of phytochemicals and to measure pH value, moisture content, nitrogen content, organic carbon content, ash content and existence of some elements: Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Mn and Na are done in this project. Maximum absorption and its correlated wavelength of both coloured dyes from prescribed samples are measured by using UV/VIS spectrophotometer. Extracted dyes of epicarp and bark sample are practically applied to fix the colouron textile materials.

ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITES AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF THE LEAVES OF Euphorbia neriifolia Linn.(Shazaung-myin-na)

Candidate - MA EI EI WIN, M.Sc(Thesis), 2012

ABSTRACT

            The research work deals with the anti-microbial activities and phytochemical constituents investigation for the leaves of Euphorbia  neriifolia Linn. (Shazaung-myin-na). It was collected from Magyigone Quarter, Meiktila Township, Mandalay Region. The samples to be analyzed were freshly collected, air dried and powdered. Then, phytochemical screening on the crude sample was carried out by test tube method. It indicated the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, steroids, glycosides, carbohydrates, terpenes and saponins, respectively. Furthermore, the sample percolated in five solvent systems was tested for anti-microbial activities against six microorganisms by agar well diffusion method.

ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITES AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENINGS OF THE FRUITS OF Phyllanthusemblica Linn. (Zee-Phyu)

Candidate - MA YI YI THANT, M.Sc(Thisis), 2012

ABSTRACT

            In this research work, the chemical constituents present in the fruit of PhyllanthusemblicaLinn., Zee-phyu, Myanmar indigenous medicinal plants were determined. Phytochemical examinations on the fruit of PhyllanthusemblicaLinn., indicated that it contains alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, polyphenols, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids, terpenes and tannins respectively. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activities of the fruits of Zee-phyu extract in various solvents were determined by agar well diffusion method on six selected organisms.

ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITES AND PHYTOCHEMICALSCREENING OF THE LEAVES OF Gynuraprocumbens (Lour.) Merr.( Pyar-Mie-Ywet )

Candidate - MA THWE THWE SOE, M.Sc(Thesis), 2012

ABSTRACT

            Gynuraprocumbens( Lour.) Merr.( Pyar-Mie-Ywet ) is one of the most valuable medicinal plants. The leaves of Pyar-Mie-Ywet were collected from Meiktila University Campus in Meiktila Township, Mandalay Region. From the phytochemical screening of the leaves of Gynuraprocumbens( Lour.) Merr., it has been observed that the leaves of  Pyar-Mie-Ywet contain alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, steroids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, tannins and saponins. The crude sample was also tested for antimicrobial activities against six organisms by agar disc diffusion method.

CHEMICAL INVESTIGATION ON COW-DUNG FERTILIZER

Candidate - MA LAE LAE YEE, M.Sc(Thesis), 2012

ABSTRCT

            Chemical investigations have been made to assess the quality of cow-dung fertilizer obtained from two different places in Pyawbwe and Yezin. The analysis is being done over a period of four methods to cover winter season. Most of the methods used in the present investigations are electronic method, kjeldahl method, molybivanado phosphoric acid method, spectrophotometric method, oven dry method and organic carbon, nitrogen method. These revealed the pH, moisture, total nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), carbon (C) and solid content. Land, marine, agricultural residues and animal waste were subjected to a bioassay for an ultimate methane yield. Methane yielded from woody plants were greater than that from other plant resource groups. High methane yields were obtained from several aquatic plants, some crop residues and some root and tuber plants and animal waste. Methane yield varies among different groups, various species within each group and different parts of the same plants species. Chemical analysis of produced gas and by-product were tested and discussed.

ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITES AND PHYTOCHEMICALSCREENING OF THE STEM BARK OF Sesbaniagrandiflora L. Pers.( Pauk-pan-phyu )

Candidate - MA PYAYT PYAYT KHAING SOE, M.Sc(Thesis), 2012

ABSTRACT

The samples to be analyzed, the stem bark of the Sesbaniagrandiflora L. Pers. (pauk-pan-phyu) were collected from Myar-Ya-Wai Village, Meiktila Township, Mandalay Region. In this thesis, preliminary phytochemical screening of the crude samples were carried out by test tube method. Phytochemical analysis revealed that the chemical constituents may be flavonoids, phenolic compounds, steroids, glycosides, tannins, carbohydrates, terpenes and saponins. Furthermore, the sample powderdissolved in five solvent systems were tested for the anti-microbial activities on six types of organisms applying agar well diffusion method.

DETERMINATION OF CALCIUM CONTENTS IN THE ROCK SAMPLES FROM KYAUKSE AND PYIN OO LWIN TOWNSHIPS

Candidate - MG TUN TUN NAING, M.Sc(Thesis), 2013

Abstract

            To rock samples were collected from Kyaukse and Pyin Oo Lwin Townships, Mandalay Region, Myanmar. Determination of calcium can be performed as tungstate, cinder block, calcium gluconate, using potassium permanganate titration method and potentiometric titration method. The amounts of calcium were also explored by complexometric titration method, redox titration method, X-ray fluorescence method and atomic absorption spectrophotometric method.

COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND ELEMENTAL CONTENTS OF NATURAL HONEY AND SELECTED MEDICATED HONEY

Candidate - MA THUZAR HLAING, M.Sc(Thesis), 2013

Abstract

            Natural honey and medicated honey samples were collected from Department of Apiculture (D.O.A), Mingalardon Township (Yangon Region). In this research, comparative studies on physicochemical properties such as (pH, water, ash, sugar content and elemental contents) of three honey samples (natural, garlic and tinospora honey) were done. pH values of natural honey and selected medicated honey samples were determined by pH meter. Water content and ash content were determined by the oven drying method and muffle furnace ashing method. Sugar content was investigated by using the refractometer. Minerals containing in samples were determined by using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS).

Keywords:       Honey samples, medicated honey, Atomic Absorption                                             Spectrophotometry

DETERMINATION OF IRON CONTENT IN THE SOIL SAMPLES FROM MEIKTILA TOWNSHIP

Candidate - MG THET PAING SOE, M.Sc(Thesis), 2013

Abstract

            Three soil samples were collected from Meiktila Township, Mandalay Region. Determination of iron can be performed by gravimetric method, chloride extraction method, spectrophotometric method, volumetric method, photometric titration method, atomic absorption spectrophotometric method and X-ray fluorescence method. The amount of iron in the soil samples from Meiktila Township, Mandalay Region were explored by redox titration method, compexometric titration method, atomic absorption spectrophotometric method and X-ray fluorescence method.

REMOVAL OF Pb²⁺ AND Zn²⁺ IONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS BY USING CORNCOB AS A LOW COST ADSORBENT

Candidate - MA ZIN MAR MYINT, M.Sc(Thesis), 2013

Abstract

            In this study, corncobs, sample was used as low cost adsorbent for removal of heavy metals (Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺) from aqueous solution by batch procedure. The paper also deals with the studies of some physicochemical properties of corncobs: pH, bulk density, percent of moisture, ash and crude fibre. The main parameters that influencing metals sorption on corncob were: amount of adsorbent dosage, different contact time and metal ions concentration. The heavy metal contents in sample solution were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). From the experimental results, the removal percent of Zn²⁺ is 83.99% and Pb²⁺ is 82.95% for a content time of 2 hours and 100 mg/L of each metal ions concentration in aqueous solution. It was observed that the removal percent of Zn²⁺ is higher than that of Pb²⁺ in the same condition. Therefore, the results indicated that corncob may be used for the removal of metal cations (Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺) from aqueous solution as a low cost natural sorbents.

Keywords:       Corncob, Sorption, AAS method

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ASCORBIC ACID IN Ananas comosus Linn.

Candidate - MA THWE THWE SOE, M.Sc(Thesis), 2013

Abstract

            This research paper is aimed to investigate the presence of the quantitative amount of vitamin C in pineapple fruit by using redox titration method. The leaves and fruits of pineapple were collected from Pyin-Oo-Lwin Township, Mandalay Region, Myanmar. Phytochemical screening of the leaves and fruits of pineapple was determined by test tube method. Some physicochemical characteristics (reducing sugar, water content and mineral content) were also measured in pineapple fruits. Pineapple has medicinal effects such as anticoagulant, aphrodisiac, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, anthelmintic, aperients, anti-scorbutic, diaphoretic, refrigerant, digestive, styptic and emmenagogue.

DETERMINATION OF NUTRITIONAL VALUES ANDVITAMIN C CONTENT FROM FRUIT OFCarica papaya Linn.

Candidate - MA PA PA MOE, M.Sc(Thesis), 2014

ABSTRACT

            This research work is concerned with determination of nutritional values and vitamin C content from Carica papaya L. (Papaya) fruit. The fruit samples were collected from Meiktila Township. Nutritional values of papaya fruit sample was analyzed by AOAC method and vitamin C by titrimetric method were carried out. From results of these studies, 6.64% protein, 9.33% moisture, 4.29% ash, 0.66% fat, 7.07% crude fibre, 72.01% carbohydrate, 325 kcal of energy value and 37.72% vitamin C were observed in papaya fruit. Fresh, ripe fruit is one of the fruits with the highest vitamin C content that vitamin C has many important functions like free radicals scavenging, immune booster, and anti-inflammatory actions. This fruit is packed with nutrients that are truly beneficial for health which possess digestive, nutritional and medicinal features with curing capability for many diseases and helpful in giving your body a perfect healthy diet.

Keywords:       Carica papaya L. (Papaya), AOAC, vitamin C

A STUDY OF SOME CHEMICAL ANALYSIS ON THESOIL SAMPLE FROM GRAPE-PLANTING AREA OFMEIKTILA TOWNSHIP

Candidate - MA WIN THANDAR AUNG, M.Sc(Thesis), 2014

ABSTRACT

            In this research work, two soil samples of different depths were collected from grape planting area of MelzalipinVillage in Meiktila Township, Mandalay Region on October, 2013. Macro and micro nutrients of soil that required for grape development were studied from literature survey. Some physical and chemical properties such as soil pH, available N, P, K organic matter, soil texture, water soluble SO₄-S, exchangeable Mg and cation exchange capacity of these soil samples were determined by pH meter, alkaline permanganate method. UV vis spectrophotometer, Atomic Absorption Flame Emission Spectrophotometer, Tyurin’s method, pipette method and leaching method respectively. Total concentrations of some elements in these soil samples were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence method.

A STUDY OF CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES ON THE SEEDOF

Helianthus annus L.

Candidate - MA NWE OO MON, M.Sc(Thesis), 2014

ABSTRACT

            This paper deals with the characteristic properties of sunflower seed (Helianthus annus L.). The seed sample was collected from Taungyi in Shan State. From the results of chemical analysis, 16.7% of protein, 20.0% of fibre, 3.8% of moisture, 3.42% of ash, 45.0% of fat and 11.08% of carbohydrate were found to be present in sunflower seed sample by AOAC methods. The distribution of some trace elements such as Ca, Cu, Na, Fe, Mg, Mn, K, Pb and Cd in the collected sunflower seeds were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). And then, ash content of sunflower seeds was also determined. By application of AAS method, the result of potassium content was higher than that of other elemental contents Cd and Pb contents were lower than the recommended maximum level allowed in food by WHO standard. It is concluded that, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, K and Na in the collected sunflower seeds are essential elements of biological system for human.

CHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF TUBE-WELL WATER FROM

YAE LAI KWAY VILLAGE, PYAWBWE TOWNSHIP, MANDALAY REGION

Candidate - MA THIN THIN KYU, M.Sc(Thesis), 2014

ABSTRACT

            Characteristics and antibacterial quality of tube-well (160 ft) water have been investigated for the potability of water. This water sample was taken from Yae Lai Kway Village, Pyawbwe Township, Mandalay Region. The experimental works have been done in physical examination, determination of chemical constituents, detection of some toxic metals and bacteriological examination. Most of the methods used in this investigation are the WHO guide line limits for drinking water. From the study of the physical and chemical parameters, this tube-well water can be assumed to be suitable for use in domestic, agricultural and industrial purposes. 

A STUDY OF SOME CHARACTERISTICS ON THE SOIL SAMPLES

FROM SELECTED AREA OF THEE-KONE VILLAGE,

PYAW BWE TOWNSHIP

Candidate - MG HTET ARKAR PHYO, M.Sc(Thesis), 2014

ABSTRACT

            In this research work, soil samples were collected from selected area of Thee-KoneVliiage, Pyawbwe Township, Mandalay Region in Myanmar. Soil samples were taken from 12 inches and 36 inches depths respectively. Physical, chemical and biological properties changes continuously in the soil by climatic forces and influence the efficiency of any fertilizer application. Physical properties such as moisture and texture, chemical properties such as pH, organic matter, available nitrogen, cation exchange capacity and elemental compositions were determined by appropriate methods. Experimental results indicate that both the two soil samples are suitable to cultivate the crops with low water demand but not for rice cultivation.

A STUDY OF THE SOIL CHARACTERISTICS AND ITS SUPPORT

ON PLANTS GROWTH FROM THE SELECTED AREA OF

ZEE-PIN-PAUK VILLAGE IN PYAW-BWE TONWSHIP

Candidate - MA MOE SWE, M.Sc(Thesis), 2014

ABSTRACT

            The natural soils which were collected before cultivation from selected areas of Zee-Pin-Pauk Village in Pyawbwe Township were analyzed. Soil is the most important production factor for farmers. Physical and chemical soil testing may yield valuable information to increase the production of agricultural products. The characteristics of soil can support on the plants growth and the production of agricultural products. The main aim of this thesis paper is to study the characteristics of soil. The physical properties of texture in soil samples were found clay loam. Chemical properties of pH, organic carbon (%). nitrogen (%), phosphorous (ppm), potassium (mg/100g) and exchangeable potassium (me/100g) were found to be in the range of 7.49-7.82, 0.328-0.452, 0.015-0.038, 0.84-2.52, 17.61-22.73, and 0.375-0.484 respectively.

Keywords:       Soil characteristics, plants growth, physical and chemical properties

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON NUTRITIONAL VALUES AND ESSENTIAL MINERAL CONCENTRAIONS IN GOAT MILK AND COW MILK

Candidate - MA MYINT MAR WIN, M.Sc(Thesis), 2014

ABSTRACT

            Milk is an excellent source of most essential minerals for human which contains mostly calcium and phosphorous and constitutes the most important source of minerals. In this present work, goat milk and cow milk samples were collected from Pauk Taw Village in Thazi Township at December, 2013. Nutritional values of collected milk samples such as water content, ash, protein and fat were determined according to official AOAC method. It was observed that percent composition of water content, ash, and protein in goat milk are significantly higher than cow milk while fat content is somewhat similar. Essential mineral contents as Ca, Mg, K, P and Zn were also quantified by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. From the experimental results, goat milk was found to contain more of these mineral contents than cow milk. From the view point of human nutrition, despite goat milk is easier for an infant to digest and may have higher mineral content but still cannot replace human milk in young children but could complement it.

Keywords:       goat milk, cow milk, chemical composition, mineral composition, AAS      

A STUDY OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, ELEMENTALANALYSIS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF CHOCOLATE SAMPLES

Candidate - MA ZIN MYO OO, M.Sc(Thesis), 2014

ABSTRACT

            Different types of chocolate (Dark and milk chocolate) samples were collected from Super Market, Yangon Region. In this research, comparative studies on physicochemical properties such as pH, color, sugar and fat were done. pH values of chocolate samples were done by pH meter. Colour was determined by LovibondTintometer. Sugar content was investigated by using refractometer. Fat contents were determined by using Soxhlet extraction method. Minerals containing in samples were determined by using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The antioxidant activities of chocolate samples were determined by using DPPH method.

Keywords:       Chocolate samples, DPPH, Atomic Absroption Spectrophotometry

A STUDY OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND

EXTRACTION OF ESSETIAL OIL FROM THE FEELS OF Citrus sinensis

Candidate - MA SAW PYAE MAR LAR, M.Sc(Thesis), 2014

ABSTRACT

            In the present research work, the fruits of Citrus sinensis were collected from Aung Pan, Taunggyi Township, Shan State. The peels of Citrus sinensis were chosen for studying some phytochemical constituents and extraction of essential oils. Essential oil was produced by water and steam distillation method from the fresh and dried peels sample of Citrus sinensis. The phytochemical tests showed that the peels contain steroids, terpenes, flavonoids, reducing sugars, phenolic compounds, tannins, alkaloids, polyphenols, glycosides and saponins. 0.033% of essential oil was extracted from Citrus sinensis by water and steam distillation method. The essential oil constituents were isolated by Thin Layer Chromatographic methods. The essential oil was confirmed by terpene test and the compounds of essential oil obtained were checked by using Thin Layer Chromatographic method.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NUTRITIONAL AND ELEMENTAL

VALUES FROM CHICK PEA AND BLACK GRAM

Candidate - MA ZAE LAE LAE TUN, M.Sc(Thesis), 2014

ABSTRACT

            In this research, chick pea (kalape) and black gram (matpe) samples were collected from Botataung market (Yangon Region). Comparative studies on nutritional values and elemental contents were determined. Moisture content of two samples was determined by oven drying method. Ash content in dried chick pea (kalape) and black gram (matpe) samples were determined by muffle furnace ashing method. Fat content in dried chick pea (kalape) and black gram (matpe) samples were determined by Soxhlet extraction method using petroleum ether. Protein content in dried chick pea (kalape) and black gram (matpe) samples was determined by Kjeldahl and Conway micro-diffusion method. Fibrecontent in two samples was determined by AOAC method. Carbohydrate content in two samples was determined by chemical method. Minerals containing in dried chick pea (kalape) and black gram (matpe) samples were determined by using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS).

A STUDY OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EXTRACTION

OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM THE LEAVES OF PsidiumguajavaLinn.

Candidate - MA PHYU THINZAR,M.Sc (Thesis), 2014

ABSTRACT

            Psidiumguajava L. commonly known as Guava, is a medicinal plant belonging to the family Myrtaceae. P.guajava is a well-known traditional medicinal plant used in various indigenous systems of medicine. It is widely distributed throughout Myanmar. In the present research work, the leaves of Psidiumguajava Linn.were chosen for studying some phytochemical constituents and extraction of essential oils. The phytochemical investigation of Psidiumguajava L. showed that the leaves contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, steroids, glycosides, tannins, reducing sugar, carbohydrates, terpenes and saponins. Essential oil (0.262%) was extracted from the leaves of Psidiumguajava L. by water and steam distillation method. The essential oil was confirmed by terpene test and the compounds of essential oil obtained were checked by using Thin Layer Chromatographic (TLC) method.

Keywords:      Guava, Psidium guajava L., Essential oil

A STUDY OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITES AND EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM THE PEELS

OF Citrus aurantium Linn.

Candidate - MA HNIN LAE OO, M.Sc(Thesis), 2014

ABSTRACT

            In the present research work, the peels of Citrus aurantium Linn also known as the bitter orange were collected from KoneThar Village,Thipaw Township, Shan State, in Myanmar. The phytochemical screening of the peels of bitter orange was tested by using usual method. In addition, the antimicrobial activities of the crude extracts of bitter orange were determined in various solvent systems by Agar well diffusion method on six selected organisms such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonasaeruginosa, Bacillus pumilus, Candida albican and E-coli species. Moreover, the essential oil was extracted from the peels of bitter orange by water and steam distillation method. The essential oil was confirmed by terpene test and the compounds of essential oil obtained were checked by using Thin Layer Chromatographic (TLC) method.

A STUDY OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM THE PEELS OF Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f.

Candidate - MA SU MYAT ZAW, M.Sc(Thesis), 2014

ABSTRACT

            In this present research work, the peels of Citrus limon (L.) Burn.f. were chosen for studying some phytochemical constituents and extraction of essential oils. The fruits of Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f. were collected from Si Pin Village, Pyawbwe Township, Mandalay Region. Essential oil was produced by water and steam distillation method from the fresh peels sample of Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f.. The phytochemical tests showed that the peels contain alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenes, tannins, reducing sugar, phenolic compounds, glycosides, saponins and polyphenol. 0.2029% of essential oil was extracted from Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f. by water and steam distillation method. The essential oil was confirmed by terpene test and the compounds of essential oil obtained were checked by using Thin Layer Chromatographic method.

A STUDY OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EXTRACTION

OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM THE LEAVES AND STEMS OF

Menthaarvensis Linn.

Candidate - MA HTET HTET LIN, M.Sc.(Thesis), 2014

ABSTRACT

            In the present research work, the leaves and stems of Menthaarvensis Linn. (Pudina) were evaluated for essential oil content and preliminary phytochemical studies. The phytochemical investigation of Menthaarvensis shows that the aerial parts contain alkaloid, flavonoid, glycoside, phenolic compound, tannin, saponin, carbohydrate, steroid and terpene respectively. Essential oil (0.058%) was extracted from the aerial parts of M.arvensis by water and steam distillation method. The essential oil was confirmed by terpene test and the compounds of essential oil obtained were checked by using Thin Layer Chromatographic method. The observed R_f value was in accordance with the literature.

Keywords:       Pudina, Mentha arvensis Linn., Essential oil

PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSES OF FERMENTED MILK (YOGURT) FROM PAN CHIT SHOP IN MEIKTILA

Candidate - MA SU WAI PHYO THWE, M.Sc(Thesis), 2015

Abstract

            Yogurt is one of the best-known of the food that contains probiotics. It is coagulated milk products that results from the fermentation of lactic acid in milk by Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. It is essential to investigate the physicochemical properties and microbiological identification in yogurt samples. In this study, selected yogurt sample was collected from Pan Chit Thu Shop in Meiktila. Some physicochemical properties were determined by AOAC method. It was found that percentage values of protein, fat, crude fibre, carbohydrate, water, ash, pH and acidity were 3.30%, 0.36%, 0.00%, 5.80%, 90.29%, 0.25%, 3.80% and 0.693% respectively. And then, lactic acid producing bacteria were isolated from the Nutrient agar and Tomato juice agar medium. Identification of the lactic acid producing bacteria (LAB) by Gram’s staining and biochemical tests were carried out. Lactic acid producing bacteria, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus were found by 11 biochemical tests.

Keywords:       Yogurt sample, lactice acid producing bacteria (LAB), nutritional                            values, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Association of official Analytical Chemist (AOAC)

DETERMINATION OF NUTRITIONAL VALUES AND VITAMIN C CONTENE IN FRUTIS OF Averrhoa carambola L.

Candidate - MA PYAE PYE PHYOE MYINT, M.Sc(Thesis), 2015

Abstract

            In this study, Averrhoa carambola fruits were selected to determine the quantitative estimation of compound in sample and it was collected from Meiktila Market, Meiktila Township, Mandalay Region. The experimental works have been done in three portions, namely phytochemical test, nutritional values and vitamin C content. The examination of phytochemical screening was determined by usual method and the vitamin C content in sample solution of the fruits were tested by iodometric titration method. The samples were determined by AOAC method for their nutritional values and these samples have been analyzed in food Industries Development Supporting Laboratory (FIDSL), Yangon. According to the phytochemical screening, the sample contains alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates, phenolic, steroids and glycosides. The ascorbic acid content of fruits of Averrhoa carambola was found to be (616 mg/ 100 g).

Keywords:       Ascorbic acid, Iodometric titration and AOAC method

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CASEIN AND LACTOSE FROM COW MILK

Candidate - MG TUN NAING WIN, M.Sc(Thesis), 2015

Abstract

            The main aim of the present work is to isolate and characterize of casein and lactose from cow milk. The sample was brought from Nyaung Pin Thar Village, Meiktila Township, Mandalay Region. In addition, preliminary qualitative tests of cow milk were done. According to these qualitative tests, cow milk contains protein and carbohydrate such as glucose, fructose and reducing sugar. And then, casein (11.4g) and lactose (1.67g) were isolated based upon the 200 mL of cow milk. Casein, the main protein in milk, is a phosphoprotein. Lactose, milk sugar, is the main carbohydrate in cow milk. It was confirmed by Wohlk’s test.

Keywords:       cow milk, casein, lactose, Wohlk’s test

DETERMINATION OF NUTRITIONAL VALUES IN RIPPEN FRUITS OF Capsicum annuum L.

Candidate - MA WAI WAI KHAING, M.Sc(Thesis), 2015

Abstract

            The present work deals with the investigation of phytochemical constituents and determination of nutritional values from ripe fruit of pepper. The botanical name of pepper is Capsicum annuum L. and its family is Solanaceae. In this work, Capsicum annuum L., collected from Sanpya Village, Meiktila Township, Mandalay Region, in 2014, was investigated. Preliminary phytochemical investigation of ripe furit samples were investigated. Vitamin C contents were determined by iodometric titration method and nutritional values were determined by AOAC method.

Keywords:       Capsicum annuum L., AOAC method, Vitamin C

INVESTIGATION OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS FROM COMMERCIAL COFFEE MIX PREMIER (ESPRESSO, 3 in 1 and 2 plus 1)

Candidate - MA AYE NWE NWE AUNG, M.Sc(Thesis), 2015

Abstract

            In the recent year, the variety of coffee mix (espresso, cappucciro, 3 in 1, 2 plus1 and pure) are widely consumed. In this research work, coffee mix Premier (espresso, 3 in 1 and 2 plus 1) was chosen for the investigation of phytochemical constituents. From the preliminary test alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, steroids, glycosides, tannins, carbohydrates, terpenes and saponins were present in Premier (espresso, 3 in 1 and 2 plus 1). Extraction of caffeine from coffee mix was performed by solvent extraction method. Caffeine was identified by TLC. The chromatogram showed that one spot with nearly the same R_f value of authentic was caffeine and another compound was also found. Caffeine was confirmed by using Dragendorff’s and Mayer’s reagents. The orange precipitate and light brown or brown precipitate indicated the presence of caffeine in coffee mix.

Keywords:       Coffee mix, Usual method, TLC

A STUDY ON NUTRITIONAL VALUES IN FRUITS OF

Momordica charantia L.

Candidate - MA AYE THIDA HTWE, M.Sc(Thesis), 2015

Abstract

            In this research, fruits of Momordica charantia L. were collected from Meiktila Township, Mandalay Region. The nutritional values and mineral elements content in fruits of Momordica charantia L. were measured by standard analytical techniques. The nutritional values showed the percentage of moisture (87.93%), ash (0.59%), fat (0.39%), fiber (1.37%), protein (2.61%) and carbohydrate (7.11%). Furthermore, the amounts of minerals were determined by AAS method. The observed values of minerals were Fe (1.34 ppm), Na (18.54 ppm), K (10.56 ppm), Ca (9.84 ppm) and Mg (3.21 ppm). The minerals of Cu and Zn were not detected. The study indicates the presence of nutritional and minerals content that are beneficial in addition to the purported numerous medicinal values.

Keywords:       Momordica charantia L., AOAC method, AAS method

INVESTIGATION OF NUTRITIONAL VALUES FROM SEED OF

Dolichos biflorus L.

Candidate - MA PONAMAR, M.Sc(Thesis), 2015

Abstract

            In this research work, Horse gram seeds Dolichos biflorus L., Myanmar name, (pe-bizat) was selected for investigation of its nutritional compositions. Horse gram seeds were collected from Mahlaing Township, Mandalay Region. The nutritional contents such as moisture, ash, fat, fibre, protein and carbohydrate of Horse gram seeds were investigated by AOAC method. Furthermore mineral contents such as sodium, potassium, calcium and iron were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic (AAS) method.

Keywords:       Dolichos biflorus L., AOAC method, AAS method

DETERMINATION OF CARBOHYDRATE AND SUGAR CONTENT FROM Musa sapientum L.

Candidate - MA SWE SWE THIN, M.Sc(Thesis), 2015

Abstract

            In this research work, the fruit of Musa sapientum L., Banana collected from Pyinmagyi village, Meiktila Township, Mandalay Region was chosen for some investigation. Firstly the fruit sample was extracted with distilled water for the preliminary qualitative tests of sugar. This sample contains sugar such as monosaccharide, glucose, fructose and mannose respectively. Secondly, the fruit sample was extracted with 95% ethanol for the preliminary qualitative tests of sugar. Sugar such as monosaccharide, glucose, fructose and mannose were also consists in this sample respectively. Finally, the total soluble sugar content of fruit sample was estimated by ferricyanide titration method. The percentage of total soluble sugar in the selected sample was found to contain 0.4540 % base upon the crude sample.

Keywords:       Musa sapientum L.,Test tube method, Ferricyanide titration method

A STUDY OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY FROM THE PULP AND SEED OF Punica granatum L.

Candidate - MA THINN THINN WAI, M.Sc(Thesis), 2015

Abstract

            This research work concerns with the study of phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of the pulp and seed of Punica granatum L. were carried out. The fruits of Punica granatum L. were collected from Toogone Village, Yamethin Towinship, Mandalay Region. The phytochemical tests of the pulp and seed of Punica granatum L. were composed of alkaloid, flavonoid, carbohydrate, glycoside, terpene, steroid, phenolic compound and tannin except saponin. The absorbance of distilled water and ethanol extracts were measured at 517 nm by using UV-visible spectrophotometer. DPPH method was chosen to measure the antioxidant activity of the pulp and seeds of Punica granatum L.

Keywords:       Punica granatum L., Usual method, DPPH method.

DETERMINATION ON CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES OF WELL WATER FROM NYAUNG SHWE VILLAGE, PYAWBWE TOWNSHIP

Candidate - MA ZAR ZAR WIN NAING, M.Sc(Thesis), 2015

Abstract

            In this research work, physical, chemical characteristics and bacteriological examination were studied to access the water quality. The water sample was collected from the well in Nyaung Shwe village, Pyawbwe Township. From the study of physical and chemical parameters, the observed values are found to be in conformity with International Standards for drinking water proposed by W.H.O. However, total hardness and bacteriological results show that the quality of water is unsatisfactory. Therefore, the well water should be used for cooking and drinking only after proper treatment. This well water can be assumed to be suitable for domestic, agricultural and industrial purposes.

Keywords:       Physicochemical parameters, well water, water quality

DETERMINATION OF CARBOHYDRATE AND THE OIL CONTENT FROM Guizotia abyssinica

Candidate - MA ZIN ZAR WIN, M.Sc(Thesis), 2015

Abstract

            The current study represents the determination of carbohydrate and oil content from Niger seeds. The samples to be analyzed, the seeds of the Guizotia abyssinica (Niger seeds) were collected from Inn petlatt village, Meiktila Township, Mandalay Region. In this thesis, preliminary phytochemical screening of the crude samples were carried out by test tube method. Phytochemical analysis revealed that the chemical constituents may be alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, terpenes, tannins, steroids, saponins, carbohydrates and glycosides respectively. The seed of Niger without upper code was extracted with 95% ethanol for the preliminary qualitative tests of sugar. Sugar such as monosaccharide, glucose, fructose and mannose in this sample respectively. Finally, the oil content from Niger seeds was determined by solvent extraction method by using Soxhlet apparatus and petroleum ether solvent. The oil content of Niger seeds was found to be 31.54% - 31.97 %.

Keywords:       Guizotia abyssinica, Test tube method, Soxhlet extraction method

INVESTIGATION OF NUTRITIONAL VALUES AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LEAVES OF Carica papaya L.

Candidate - MA MAY THANDAR OO, M.Sc(Thesis), 2015

Abstract

            In this research, the selected medicinal plant, Carica papaya Linn. leaves were collected from Meiktila Township and investigated the phytochemical constituents (alkaloids, α-amino acids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, reducing sugar, saponins, starch and tannins) of leaves of Carica papaya Linn. by test tube method. Nutritional values (such as moisture content (6.50%), ash content (12.25%), protein content (8.63%), fiber content (13.57%) and fat content (3.43%) of leaves of Carica papaya Linn. were analyzed by AOAC method. The analysis of some elemental contents present in leaves of Carica papaya Linn. were carried out by AAS method. Antimicrobial activities of different crude extracts such as pet-ether, EtOAc, 95% EtOH, MeOH and water obtained from leaves of Carica papaya Linn. were investigated on six strains of micro organisms which include Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus pumilus, Candida albicans and Escherichia coli by agar well diffusion method.

Keywords:      Carica papaya Linn., phytochemical investigation, nutritional values,                      antimicrobial screening, AAS

A STUDY ON CONVERSION OF RICE HUSK ASH TO SILICA FROM MEIKTILA TOWNSHIP

Candidate - MA KAY THWE HNIN SOE, M.Sc(Thesis), 2015

Abstract

            In this research work, rice husk was collected from Meiktila Township, Mandalay Region. Ash was prepared at 800°C for 8 hours using furnace. The rice husk ash was characterized by using FT-IR and EDXRF technique. The yield percent of rice husk ash was found to be 19.20%. According to EDXRF data rice husk ash contain Si (95.33%). Silica was prepared from rice husk ash. The prepared silica was also characterized by using FT-IR, XRD and SEM. Form XRD spectrum, the prepared silica has amorphous character.

Keywords:       Rice husk, Rice husk ash, silica, EDXRF, FT-IR, XRD and SEM

STUDIES ON THE PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND NUTRITIONAL VALUES OF Zea mays L.

Candidate - MA NILAR TUN, M.Sc(Thesis), 2015

Abstract

            The present research deals with studies on chemical constituents and nutritional values of Zea may L. Maize is Mynmar indigenous medicinal plant, belonging to the family Poaceae. Locally known as “Sweet corn”, or “Flint corn”. Zea mays L. is a herb and its medicinal properties have been widely explored. Study has been made on the collection and chemical assay of fruit sample were collected from Myotha Township, Mandalay Division and identified by Department of Botany (Mtl.). At first, preliminary phytochemical investigation on the fruit of maize was performed by test tube method. Then, the nutritent values such as moisture, ash, protein, crude fibre, crude fat, carbohydrate and calories were determined by using AOAC method. Semi-quantitative determination of trace elements in maize was determined by Energy Disperisive X-ray Fluoresence. (EDXRF) techniques. Besides, the elemental analysis of Maize were investigated by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). In the phytochemical investigation, alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, terpenoids and saponins were found but steroids and tannis were not present in Maize sample. Moisture contents (13.88%), carbohydrate (72.97%) and calories (356 Kcal/ 100 g) were determined by AOAC method. Semi-quantitative estimation of elements in Maize were determined by EDXRF technique and it was that K (0.154%), Fe (0.001%), Zn (0.01%) as minor constituents but CH was round about (99.843%) present as major constituents. Furthermore, elemental analysis of Maize sample was done by AAS method. The result showed that K (7.18 ppm), Ca (6.19 ppm) and Fe (0.012 ppm) were present as trace elements and Mn, Zn and Cu as minor constituents in Maize sample. The contents of soluble matter in the Zea mays L. was detected by using organic solvents such as ethanol (2.56%), and water (5.13%). According to these results, the content of H_2­O soluble matter is higher than ethanol.

Keywords:       Zea mays L., Maize, phytochemical constituents, nutrient, values,                            EDXRF method, AAS

INVESTIGATION OF CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT IN

Solanum tuberosum L.

Candidate - MA KHIN SAW LIN, M.Sc(Thesis), 2015

Abstract

            The main aim of this research is to investigate qualitative determination of carbohydrate from Potato (Solamum tuberosum L.). In this research work, the sample was selected from Kalaw Township. The carbohydrate content of potato was extracted with 95% ethanol. It was used for qualitative test of carbohydrate. In addition, preliminary qualitative tests of carbohydrate were done. According to these qualitative tests, the tubers of Potato contain carbohydrate such as glucose, fructose, starch and reducing sugar. The constituents of glucose, fructose and sucrose from Potato were estimated by Paper Chromatographic method by using color developer resorcinol reagent. According to these results, the tuber of Potato consists of sucrose, glucose and fructose. It was compared with the R_f values of standard sugars.

Keywords:       Potato, carbohydrate, 95% ethanol, glucose, fructose, sucrose, paper                       chromatography

DETERMINATION OF ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS AND VITAMIN C CONTENT OF Amaranthus spinosus L.

Candidate - MA AYE AYE KHAING, M.Sc(Thesis), 2015

Abstract

            This research work is concerned with the investigation of preliminary phytochemical constituents and determination of ascorbic acid and elemental constituents from Hnin-nu-new-sue-pauk. The botanical name of Hnin-nu-new-sue-pauk is Amarnthus spinosus L. and its family is Amaranthaceae. In this work, the samples were collected from No.(2) street, Pyi-Thar-Yar Block, Meiktila Township, Mandalay Region. Preliminary phytochemical constituents were investigated by usual method. Phytochemical investigations may prove its importance as valuable medicinal plant. It is known as rich source of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic acids, steroids, terpenes and saponin. The elemental constituents of A. spinosus L. were determined by AAS method. From results of these studies, the contents of Zinc, Manganese, Iron, Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium and Cadmium were found to be (0.005 ppm), (0.006 ppm), (0.98 ppm), (14.38 ppm), (11.59 ppm), (8.34 ppm), (6.18 ppm) and (0.004 ppm) respectively. The vitamin C content was determined by iodometric titration methods and it was found to be 0.019%.

Keywords:       Amaranthus spinosus, Elemental Analysis, Vitamin-C

INVESTIGATION OF THE PHYTOCMHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS FROM COMMERCIAL COFFEE MIX (SUNDAY AND MONKEY)

Candidate - MA THEINGEE PHYOE, M.Sc(Thesis), 2015

Abstract

            In this research work, the commercial coffee mix (Sunday and Monkey) were chosen for the investigation of phytochemical constituents. From the preliminary test, alkaloids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, tannins and saponins were present in Sunday and Monkey coffee mix. The absence of flavonoids, terpenes and steroids were also found in these coffee mix. Extraction of caffeine from coffee mix was performed by solvent extraction method. Caffeine was identified by TLC. The Thin Layer Chromatogram showed that one spot in Sunday (R_f value: 0.333) and in Monkey (R_f values: 0.365) with nearly the same R_f value of authentic caffeine (0.356) was caffeine and another compound also was found. Caffeine was confirmed by using Dragendorff’s reagent. The reddish brown precipitate indicated the presence of caffeine in coffee mix samples.

Keywords:       Sunday and Monkey Coffee mix, phytochemical constituents,                                 extraction of caffeine, TLC

QUALITATIVE DETERMINATION OF CARBOHYDRATE IN

Vitis vinifera L. FROM MEIKTILA TOWNSHIP

Candidate - MG THAN HTAY OO, M.Sc(Thesis), 2015

Abstract

            In this research work, one of the commercial fruit, Grape vine (Vitis vinifera L.) was selected for carbohydrate determination. It was used for qualitative tests of carbohydrates. In addition, preliminary qualitative tests for Grape vine were done. According to these qualitative tests, the fruits of Grape vine contain carbohydrates such as glucose and reducing sugar. Grape vine was extracted with 95% ethanol. In Grape vine, the presence of glucose, fructose and sucrose were estimated by Paper  Chromatographic method using color developer resorcinol reagent. According to Paper Chromatogram, three carbohydrates of sucrose, glucose and fructose were present in Grape vine.

Keywords:       Grape vine, carbohydrate, 95% ethanol, glucose, fructose, sucrose,                          paper chromatography